Gene: GREM1

Basic information

Tag Content
Uniprot ID O60565; Q52LV3; Q8N914; Q8N936;
Entrez ID 26585
Genbank protein ID BAA84462.1; AAH69525.1; BAC04643.1; AAH93778.1; AAI01612.1; AAP69985.1; AAC39725.1; AAG23891.1; AAF06677.1;
Genbank nucleotide ID NM_013372.6; NM_001191323.1;
Ensembl protein ID ENSP00000498897; ENSP00000498605; ENSP00000488158; ENSP00000498763; ENSP00000498748; ENSP00000300177; ENSP00000453141; ENSP00000323101;
Ensembl nucleotide ID ENSG00000276886; ENSG00000166923; ENSG00000282046;
Gene name Gremlin-1
Gene symbol GREM1
Organism Homo sapiens
NCBI taxa ID 9606
Cleft type CL/P
Developmental stage
Data sources Manually collected
Reference 26043427
Functional description Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop. Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity). Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed:27036124). Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis. Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity).
Sequence
MSRTAYTVGA LLLLLGTLLP AAEGKKKGSQ GAIPPPDKAQ HNDSEQTQSP QQPGSRNRGR 60
GQGRGTAMPG EEVLESSQEA LHVTERKYLK RDWCKTQPLK QTIHEEGCNS RTIINRFCYG 120
QCNSFYIPRH IRKEEGSFQS CSFCKPKKFT TMMVTLNCPE LQPPTKKKRV TRVKQCRCIS 180
IDLD 184

Abbreviation :
CLO : cleft lip only. CPO : cleft palate only. CLP : cleft lip and palate. CL/P : cleft lip with/without cleft palate.
For humans: CL/P, CLO, CPO, and CLP. For mice: CLO, CLP, and CPO.

Gene expression information

Gene expression in different tissues (GTEx V7)

  

Gene expression in different tissues (ENCODE)

  

Protein structural annotations

3D structure in PDB database


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Protein disorder information

Orthologous information

Relation Gene symbol Entrez ID UniProt ID Cleft type Developmental stage Species Evidence Details
1:1 orthologGREM1539079A2VE87Bos taurusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGREM1A0A452E4N7Capra hircusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGREM126585O60565CL/PHomo sapiensPublicationMore>>
1:1 orthologGrem123892O70326Mus musculusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGREM1A0A287ABW3Sus scrofaPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGREM1100342066G1TUM4Oryctolagus cuniculusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGrem150566O35793Rattus norvegicusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologgrem1bA0A0R4IYE7Danio rerioPredictionMore>>

Identified variants/mutations related to cleft phenotype

Gene symbol Significant Variants/SNPS Methods PubMed ID
GREM1rs16969681Genotyping26043427
GREM1rs1258763Genotyping26043427
GREM1rs16969816Genotyping26043427
GREM1rs2280738Sanger sequencing32687624
GREM1rs12915554 (Heterozygous; increase risk)PCR-RFLP or T-ARMS-PCR31650875
GREM1rs3743105 (Heterozygous and dominant; reduce risk)PCR-RFLP or T-ARMS-PCR31650875
GREM1rs1129456 (Heterozygous; positively associate risk)PCR-RFLP or T-ARMS-PCR31650875
GREM1rs10318 (Homozygous; dominant andrecessive; reduce risk)PCR-RFLP or T-ARMS-PCR31650875
GREM1c.4900C>T< p.Pro164SerSanger sequencing29489415
GREM1c.182G>A; p.Gly61AspSanger sequencing29489415

Other genetic variants/mutations

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Disease or phenotype associated information

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Gene Ontology (GO)/biological pathways

GO:Molecular Function

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0005125 cytokine activityIEA
GO:0005515 protein bindingIPI
GO:0016015 morphogen activityISS
GO:0030297 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activityISS
GO:0036122 BMP bindingIDA
GO:0036122 BMP bindingISS
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activityIPI
GO:0043184 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 bindingISS
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activityISS

GO:Biological Process

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesisIDA
GO:0002042 cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesisISS
GO:0002092 positive regulation of receptor internalizationISS
GO:0003257 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiationISS
GO:0003337 mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesisIEA
GO:0006915 apoptotic processIEA
GO:0007165 signal transductionISS
GO:0007171 activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activityIEA
GO:0007267 cell-cell signalingIEA
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferationIDA
GO:0009954 proximal/distal pattern formationIEA
GO:0010717 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transitionIMP
GO:0030199 collagen fibril organizationIMP
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growthIEA
GO:0030326 embryonic limb morphogenesisIEA
GO:0030502 negative regulation of bone mineralizationIMP
GO:0030514 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathwayIDA
GO:0030514 negative regulation of BMP signaling pathwayIMP
GO:0032331 negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiationIMP
GO:0033689 negative regulation of osteoblast proliferationIMP
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic processIMP
GO:0045668 negative regulation of osteoblast differentiationIMP
GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesisIEA
GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedIEA
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIISS
GO:0046851 negative regulation of bone remodelingIMP
GO:0048263 determination of dorsal identityIMP
GO:0051092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activityIEA
GO:0051893 regulation of focal adhesion assemblyIEA
GO:0051973 positive regulation of telomerase activityIDA
GO:0060173 limb developmentIMP
GO:0060394 negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylationIDA
GO:0060676 ureteric bud formationIEA
GO:0061098 positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activityIEA
GO:0090027 negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxisISS
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayIDA
GO:0090190 positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesisIEA
GO:0090291 negative regulation of osteoclast proliferationIMP
GO:1900086 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylationISS
GO:1900155 negative regulation of bone trabecula formationIMP
GO:1900158 negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturationIMP
GO:1901224 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signalingIEA
GO:2000273 positive regulation of signaling receptor activityISS
GO:2000727 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiationISS
GO:0032872 regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascadeISS
GO:0072331 signal transduction by p53 class mediatorISS

GO:Cellular Component

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0005615 extracellular spaceNAS
GO:0009986 cell surfaceIEA
GO:0062023 collagen-containing extracellular matrixHDA

Reactome Pathway

Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence

Drugs and compounds information

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Functional annotations

Keywords

Keyword ID Keyword Term
KW-0002 3D-structure
KW-0025 Alternative splicing
KW-0202 Cytokine
KW-0903 Direct protein sequencing
KW-1015 Disulfide bond
KW-0325 Glycoprotein
KW-1185 Reference proteome
KW-0964 Secreted
KW-0732 Signal

Interpro

InterPro ID InterPro Term
IPR006207 Cys_knot_C
IPR029034 Cystine-knot_cytokine
IPR004133 DAN
IPR017159 Gremlin-1/2

PROSITE

PROSITE ID PROSITE Term

Pfam

Pfam ID Pfam Term
PF03045 DAN

Protein-protein interaction

Protein-miRNA interaction