Gene: RARA

Basic information

Tag Content
Uniprot ID P10276; B8Y636; P78456; Q13440; Q13441; Q96S41; Q9NQS0;
Entrez ID 5914
Genbank protein ID CAA29787.1; CAA41532.1; AAH71733.1; AAF87249.1; CAA39533.1; AAB00112.1; AAD05222.1; BAB62809.1; AAH08727.1; AAB00113.1; ACK86665.1; CAA29829.1;
Genbank nucleotide ID NM_001145301.2; XM_011525095.1; NM_001024809.3; XM_005257553.1; NM_000964.3; NM_001145302.2; XM_005257554.1;
Ensembl protein ID ENSP00000389993; ENSP00000377649; ENSP00000254066; ENSP00000377643;
Ensembl nucleotide ID ENSG00000131759
Gene name Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Gene symbol RARA
Organism Homo sapiens
NCBI taxa ID 9606
Cleft type CPO,CL/P
Developmental stage
Data sources Manually collected
Reference 1361101; 11810291; 24265584;
Functional description Receptor for retinoic acid (PubMed:19850744, PubMed:16417524, PubMed:20215566). Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes (PubMed:28167758). The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 (PubMed:28167758). In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression (PubMed:16417524). On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation (PubMed:9267036, PubMed:19850744, PubMed:20215566). Formation of a complex with histone deacetylases might lead to inhibition of RARE DNA element binding and to transcriptional repression (PubMed:28167758). Transcriptional activation and RARE DNA element binding might be supported by the transcription factor KLF2 (PubMed:28167758). RARA plays an essential role in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced germ cell development during spermatogenesis (By similarity). Has a role in the survival of early spermatocytes at the beginning prophase of meiosis (By similarity). In Sertoli cells, may promote the survival and development of early meiotic prophase spermatocytes (By similarity). In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function (By similarity). Together with RXRA, positively regulates microRNA-10a expression, thereby inhibiting the GATA6/VCAM1 signaling response to pulsatile shear stress in vascular endothelial cells (PubMed:28167758). In association with HDAC3, HDAC5 and HDAC7 corepressors, plays a role in the repression of microRNA-10a and thereby promotes the inflammatory response (PubMed:28167758).
Sequence
MASNSSSCPT PGGGHLNGYP VPPYAFFFPP MLGGLSPPGA LTTLQHQLPV SGYSTPSPAT 60
IETQSSSSEE IVPSPPSPPP LPRIYKPCFV CQDKSSGYHY GVSACEGCKG FFRRSIQKNM 120
VYTCHRDKNC IINKVTRNRC QYCRLQKCFE VGMSKESVRN DRNKKKKEVP KPECSESYTL 180
TPEVGELIEK VRKAHQETFP ALCQLGKYTT NNSSEQRVSL DIDLWDKFSE LSTKCIIKTV 240
EFAKQLPGFT TLTIADQITL LKAACLDILI LRICTRYTPE QDTMTFSDGL TLNRTQMHNA 300
GFGPLTDLVF AFANQLLPLE MDDAETGLLS AICLICGDRQ DLEQPDRVDM LQEPLLEALK 360
VYVRKRRPSR PHMFPKMLMK ITDLRSISAK GAERVITLKM EIPGSMPPLI QEMLENSEGL 420
DTLSGQPGGG GRDGGGLAPP PGSCSPSLSP SSNRSSPATH SP 462

Abbreviation :
CLO : cleft lip only. CPO : cleft palate only. CLP : cleft lip and palate. CL/P : cleft lip with/without cleft palate.
For humans: CL/P, CLO, CPO, and CLP. For mice: CLO, CLP, and CPO.

Gene expression information

Gene expression in different tissues (GTEx V7)

  

Gene expression in different tissues (ENCODE)

  

Protein structural annotations

3D structure in PDB database

Protein disorder information

Orthologous information

Relation Gene symbol Entrez ID UniProt ID Cleft type Developmental stage Species Evidence Details
1:1 orthologRARA534280F1MWQ3Bos taurusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologRARA102188350A0A452EMU9Capra hircusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologRARA5914P10276CPO,CL/PHomo sapiensPublicationMore>>
1:1 orthologRara19401P11416CPOE14.5Mus musculusPublicationMore>>
1:1 orthologRARA454647A0A2J8KGL7Pan troglodytesPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologRARA396709A0A480PNE7Sus scrofaPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologRARAG1TI43Oryctolagus cuniculusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologRara24705A0A0G2JW78Rattus norvegicusPredictionMore>>
1:1 ortholograraa30680T2DKU4Danio rerioPredictionMore>>

Other genetic variants/mutations

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Disease or phenotype associated information

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Gene Ontology (GO)/biological pathways

GO:Molecular Function

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0000900 translation repressor activity, mRNA regulatory element bindingIEA
GO:0000976 transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingIBA
GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingIDA
GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingIBA
GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificISA
GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificISM
GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificIBA
GO:0001972 retinoic acid bindingIDA
GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activityIDA
GO:0003707 steroid hormone receptor activityIEA
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activityIMP
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activityIDA
GO:0003714 transcription corepressor activityIDA
GO:0004879 nuclear receptor activityIDA
GO:0005102 signaling receptor bindingIDA
GO:0005515 protein bindingIPI
GO:0008134 transcription factor bindingIPI
GO:0008134 transcription factor bindingIBA
GO:0008144 drug bindingIEA
GO:0008270 zinc ion bindingIEA
GO:0019899 enzyme bindingIPI
GO:0019904 protein domain specific bindingIPI
GO:0030374 nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activityIBA
GO:0031490 chromatin DNA bindingIDA
GO:0038023 signaling receptor activityIBA
GO:0038023 signaling receptor activityIDA
GO:0042826 histone deacetylase bindingIEA
GO:0043422 protein kinase B bindingIPI
GO:0044323 retinoic acid-responsive element bindingIDA
GO:0048027 mRNA 5'-UTR bindingIEA
GO:0051018 protein kinase A bindingIDA
GO:0051393 alpha-actinin bindingIPI
GO:0098531 ligand-activated transcription factor activityIBA

GO:Biological Process

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIBA
GO:0001657 ureteric bud developmentIEA
GO:0001843 neural tube closureIEA
GO:0001889 liver developmentIBA
GO:0002068 glandular epithelial cell developmentIEA
GO:0003148 outflow tract septum morphogenesisIEA
GO:0003417 growth plate cartilage developmentIEA
GO:0006367 transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoterTAS
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylationIMP
GO:0007165 signal transductionIDA
GO:0007275 multicellular organism developmentIBA
GO:0007281 germ cell developmentIEA
GO:0007283 spermatogenesisIEA
GO:0007565 female pregnancyIEA
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferationIMP
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferationIEA
GO:0009755 hormone-mediated signaling pathwayIBA
GO:0017148 negative regulation of translationIEA
GO:0021766 hippocampus developmentIEA
GO:0030154 cell differentiationIBA
GO:0030850 prostate gland developmentIEA
GO:0030853 negative regulation of granulocyte differentiationIDA
GO:0031076 embryonic camera-type eye developmentIEA
GO:0031641 regulation of myelinationIEA
GO:0032355 response to estradiolIEA
GO:0032526 response to retinoic acidIMP
GO:0032526 response to retinoic acidIBA
GO:0032689 negative regulation of interferon-gamma productionIDA
GO:0032720 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionIDA
GO:0032736 positive regulation of interleukin-13 productionIDA
GO:0032753 positive regulation of interleukin-4 productionIDA
GO:0032754 positive regulation of interleukin-5 productionIDA
GO:0033189 response to vitamin AIEA
GO:0033993 response to lipidIBA
GO:0034097 response to cytokineIEA
GO:0035264 multicellular organism growthIEA
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic processIEA
GO:0043277 apoptotic cell clearanceIMP
GO:0043401 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathwayIEA
GO:0045471 response to ethanolIEA
GO:0045630 positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiationIDA
GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiationIEA
GO:0045787 positive regulation of cell cycleIMP
GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedIDA
GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedIDA
GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedIMP
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIDA
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIMP
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIBA
GO:0048167 regulation of synaptic plasticityIEA
GO:0048384 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathwayIMP
GO:0048384 retinoic acid receptor signaling pathwayIBA
GO:0048568 embryonic organ developmentIBA
GO:0048732 gland developmentIBA
GO:0051099 positive regulation of bindingIMP
GO:0055012 ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiationIEA
GO:0060010 Sertoli cell fate commitmentIEA
GO:0060173 limb developmentIEA
GO:0060324 face developmentIEA
GO:0060349 bone morphogenesisIBA
GO:0060429 epithelium developmentIBA
GO:0060534 trachea cartilage developmentIEA
GO:0060591 chondroblast differentiationIEA
GO:0061037 negative regulation of cartilage developmentIEA
GO:0071222 cellular response to lipopolysaccharideIEA
GO:0071300 cellular response to retinoic acidIDA
GO:0071300 cellular response to retinoic acidIBA
GO:0071391 cellular response to estrogen stimulusIDA

GO:Cellular Component

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0000790 nuclear chromatinISA
GO:0000790 nuclear chromatinIDA
GO:0005634 nucleusIDA
GO:0005634 nucleusIBA
GO:0005654 nucleoplasmIDA
GO:0005654 nucleoplasmTAS
GO:0005737 cytoplasmIDA
GO:0005829 cytosolIDA
GO:0009986 cell surfaceIC
GO:0015629 actin cytoskeletonIDA
GO:0030425 dendriteIEA
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasmIEA
GO:0090575 RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexIBA

Reactome Pathway

Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental BiologyIEA
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental BiologyTAS
R-HSA-162582 Signal TransductionTAS
R-HSA-212436 Generic Transcription PathwayTAS
R-HSA-2990846 SUMOylationTAS
R-HSA-3108232 SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteinsTAS
R-HSA-383280 Nuclear Receptor transcription pathwayTAS
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteinsTAS
R-HSA-4090294 SUMOylation of intracellular receptorsTAS
R-HSA-5362517 Signaling by Retinoic AcidTAS
R-HSA-5617472 Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesisIEA
R-HSA-5619507 Activation of HOX genes during differentiationIEA
R-HSA-597592 Post-translational protein modificationTAS
R-HSA-73857 RNA Polymerase II TranscriptionTAS
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription)TAS
R-HSA-9006931 Signaling by Nuclear ReceptorsTAS
R-HSA-9616222 Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesisIEA
R-HSA-9616222 Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesisTAS

Drugs and compounds information

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Functional annotations

Keywords

Keyword ID Keyword Term
KW-0002 3D-structure
KW-0025 Alternative splicing
KW-0160 Chromosomal rearrangement
KW-0963 Cytoplasm
KW-0238 DNA-binding
KW-1017 Isopeptide bond
KW-0479 Metal-binding
KW-0539 Nucleus
KW-0597 Phosphoprotein
KW-0656 Proto-oncogene
KW-0675 Receptor
KW-1185 Reference proteome
KW-0804 Transcription
KW-0805 Transcription regulation
KW-0832 Ubl conjugation
KW-0862 Zinc
KW-0863 Zinc-finger

Interpro

InterPro ID InterPro Term
IPR035500 NHR-like_dom_sf
IPR000536 Nucl_hrmn_rcpt_lig-bd
IPR001723 Nuclear_hrmn_rcpt
IPR003078 Retinoic_acid_rcpt
IPR001628 Znf_hrmn_rcpt
IPR013088 Znf_NHR/GATA

PROSITE

PROSITE ID PROSITE Term
PS51843 NR_LBD
PS00031 NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1
PS51030 NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2

Pfam

Pfam ID Pfam Term
PF00104 Hormone_recep
PF00105 zf-C4

Protein-protein interaction

Protein-miRNA interaction