Gene: GSK3B

Basic information

Tag Content
Uniprot ID P49841; D3DN89; Q9BWH3; Q9UL47;
Entrez ID 2932
Genbank protein ID EAW79533.1; AAD48517.1; EAW79536.1; AAH12760.1; AAA66475.1; AAH00251.1; AAC69340.1;
Genbank nucleotide ID NM_001146156.1; NM_002093.3;
Ensembl protein ID ENSP00000264235; ENSP00000324806;
Ensembl nucleotide ID ENSG00000082701
Gene name Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
Gene symbol GSK3B
Organism Homo sapiens
NCBI taxa ID 9606
Cleft type
Developmental stage
Data sources Homology search
Reference
Functional description Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. Phosphorylates JUN at sites proximal to its DNA-binding domain, thereby reducing its affinity for DNA. Phosphorylates NFATC1/NFATC on conserved serine residues promoting NFATC1/NFATC nuclear export, shutting off NFATC1/NFATC gene regulation, and thereby opposing the action of calcineurin. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU on 'Thr-548', decreasing significantly MAPT/TAU ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. MAPT/TAU is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease. Plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. Phosphorylates MACF1, inhibiting its binding to microtubules which is critical for its role in bulge stem cell migration and skin wound repair. Probably regulates NF-kappa-B (NFKB1) at the transcriptional level and is required for the NF-kappa-B-mediated anti-apoptotic response to TNF-alpha (TNF/TNFA). Negatively regulates replication in pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in apoptosis, loss of beta-cells and diabetes. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Phosphorylates MUC1 in breast cancer cells, decreasing the interaction of MUC1 with CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Phosphorylates MARK2, leading to inhibit its activity. Phosphorylates SIK1 at 'Thr-182', leading to sustain its activity. Phosphorylates ZC3HAV1 which enhances its antiviral activity. Phosphorylates SNAI1, leading to its BTRC-triggered ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Phosphorylates SFPQ at 'Thr-687' upon T-cell activation. Phosphorylates NR1D1 st 'Ser-55' and 'Ser-59' and stabilizes it by protecting it from proteasomal degradation. Regulates the circadian clock via phosphorylation of the major clock components including ARNTL/BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2 (PubMed:19946213, PubMed:28903391). Phosphorylates CLOCK AT 'Ser-427' and targets it for proteasomal degradation (PubMed:19946213). Phosphorylates ARNTL/BMAL1 at 'Ser-17' and 'Ser-21' and primes it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PubMed:28903391). Phosphorylates OGT at 'Ser-3' or 'Ser-4' which positively regulates its activity. Phosphorylates MYCN in neuroblastoma cells which may promote its degradation (PubMed:24391509). Regulates the circadian rhythmicity of hippocampal long-term potentiation and ARNTL/BMLA1 and PER2 expression (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer (PubMed:30704899). Negatively regulates extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. Promotes the formation of an anti-apoptotic complex, made of DDX3X, BRIC2 and GSK3B, at death receptors, including TNFRSF10B. The anti-apoptotic function is most effective with weak apoptotic signals and can be overcome by stronger stimulation (PubMed:18846110).
Sequence
MSGRPRTTSF AESCKPVQQP SAFGSMKVSR DKDGSKVTTV VATPGQGPDR PQEVSYTDTK 60
VIGNGSFGVV YQAKLCDSGE LVAIKKVLQD KRFKNRELQI MRKLDHCNIV RLRYFFYSSG 120
EKKDEVYLNL VLDYVPETVY RVARHYSRAK QTLPVIYVKL YMYQLFRSLA YIHSFGICHR 180
DIKPQNLLLD PDTAVLKLCD FGSAKQLVRG EPNVSYICSR YYRAPELIFG ATDYTSSIDV 240
WSAGCVLAEL LLGQPIFPGD SGVDQLVEII KVLGTPTREQ IREMNPNYTE FKFPQIKAHP 300
WTKVFRPRTP PEAIALCSRL LEYTPTARLT PLEACAHSFF DELRDPNVKL PNGRDTPALF 360
NFTTQELSSN PPLATILIPP HARIQAAAST PTNATAASDA NTGDRGQTNN AASASASNST 420

Abbreviation :
CLO : cleft lip only. CPO : cleft palate only. CLP : cleft lip and palate. CL/P : cleft lip with/without cleft palate.
For humans: CL/P, CLO, CPO, and CLP. For mice: CLO, CLP, and CPO.

Gene expression information

Gene expression in different tissues (GTEx V7)

  

Gene expression in different tissues (ENCODE)

  

Protein structural annotations

3D structure in PDB database

Protein disorder information

Orthologous information

Relation Gene symbol Entrez ID UniProt ID Cleft type Developmental stage Species Evidence Details
1:1 orthologGSK3B478575E2RB53Canis lupus familiarisPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGSK3B1102176363A0A097P8R4Capra hircusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGSK3B2932P49841Homo sapiensPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGsk3b56637Q9WV60CPOE12.5, E13.5, E14.5, P6Mus musculusPublicationMore>>
1:1 orthologGSK3B100616510K7CFX8Pan troglodytesPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGSK3BI6ZJZ7Sus scrofaPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGSK3B100348842A0A5F9CM08Oryctolagus cuniculusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologGsk3b84027A0A0G2KB98Rattus norvegicusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologgsk3ba30654Q9YH60Danio rerioPredictionMore>>

Other genetic variants/mutations

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Disease or phenotype associated information

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Gene Ontology (GO)/biological pathways

GO:Molecular Function

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0001085 RNA polymerase II transcription factor bindingIPI
GO:0002020 protease bindingIPI
GO:0002039 p53 bindingIDA
GO:0004672 protein kinase activityIMP
GO:0004672 protein kinase activityTAS
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activityISS
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activityIDA
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activityIMP
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activityIBA
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activityNAS
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activityTAS
GO:0005515 protein bindingIPI
GO:0005524 ATP bindingIEA
GO:0008013 beta-catenin bindingIBA
GO:0008013 beta-catenin bindingIPI
GO:0016301 kinase activityIDA
GO:0016301 kinase activityTAS
GO:0019901 protein kinase bindingIPI
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase bindingIPI
GO:0034236 protein kinase A catalytic subunit bindingIPI
GO:0034452 dynactin bindingIPI
GO:0048156 tau protein bindingNAS
GO:0050321 tau-protein kinase activityIDA
GO:0050321 tau-protein kinase activityIBA
GO:0050321 tau-protein kinase activityNAS
GO:0051059 NF-kappaB bindingIPI

GO:Biological Process

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transitionIMP
GO:0001954 positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesionIMP
GO:0005977 glycogen metabolic processIDA
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylationIDA
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylationIMP
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylationTAS
GO:0006983 ER overload responseIDA
GO:0007165 signal transductionIBA
GO:0007212 dopamine receptor signaling pathwayNAS
GO:0007623 circadian rhythmISS
GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathwayIBA
GO:0010508 positive regulation of autophagyISS
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expressionISS
GO:0010822 positive regulation of mitochondrion organizationIMP
GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection developmentIBA
GO:0016055 Wnt signaling pathwayTAS
GO:0018105 peptidyl-serine phosphorylationIDA
GO:0018107 peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationIDA
GO:0021766 hippocampus developmentIMP
GO:0030010 establishment of cell polarityISS
GO:0030010 establishment of cell polarityTAS
GO:0030011 maintenance of cell polarityISS
GO:0030011 maintenance of cell polarityTAS
GO:0030516 regulation of axon extensionISS
GO:0031175 neuron projection developmentIDA
GO:0031333 negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyIMP
GO:0031334 positive regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyIDA
GO:0032091 negative regulation of protein bindingIDA
GO:0032092 positive regulation of protein bindingISS
GO:0032436 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processIC
GO:0032436 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processIDA
GO:0032436 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processIMP
GO:0032515 negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activityTAS
GO:0032886 regulation of microtubule-based processIMP
GO:0035556 intracellular signal transductionIDA
GO:0035556 intracellular signal transductionTAS
GO:0036016 cellular response to interleukin-3ISS
GO:0042752 regulation of circadian rhythmISS
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic processIDA
GO:0043547 positive regulation of GTPase activityIMP
GO:0045719 negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic processTAS
GO:0045732 positive regulation of protein catabolic processIC
GO:0046777 protein autophosphorylationIDA
GO:0046827 positive regulation of protein export from nucleusIDA
GO:0048814 regulation of dendrite morphogenesisISS
GO:0050770 regulation of axonogenesisISS
GO:0060079 excitatory postsynaptic potentialNAS
GO:0070507 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationISS
GO:0070507 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationIBA
GO:0070885 negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascadeIMP
GO:0071109 superior temporal gyrus developmentIMP
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayISS
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayIC
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayTAS
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayIBA
GO:0097191 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayISS
GO:0097192 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligandISS
GO:0097192 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligandIBA
GO:0106027 neuron projection organizationISS
GO:0150101 regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosomeIMP
GO:1900034 regulation of cellular response to heatTAS
GO:1900181 negative regulation of protein localization to nucleusISS
GO:1900271 regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationISS
GO:1901030 positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathwayISS
GO:1901215 negative regulation of neuron deathIDA
GO:1901216 positive regulation of neuron deathIDA
GO:1901984 negative regulation of protein acetylationISS
GO:1902042 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptorsIMP
GO:1904339 negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiationTAS
GO:1904646 cellular response to amyloid-betaISS
GO:1904781 positive regulation of protein localization to centrosomeIMP
GO:1904885 beta-catenin destruction complex assemblyTAS
GO:1904886 beta-catenin destruction complex disassemblyTAS
GO:2000077 negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell developmentTAS
GO:2000300 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosisEXP
GO:2000300 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosisIDA
GO:2000300 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosisIMP
GO:2000466 negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activityTAS

GO:Cellular Component

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0005634 nucleusIDA
GO:0005634 nucleusIBA
GO:0005654 nucleoplasmIDA
GO:0005654 nucleoplasmTAS
GO:0005737 cytoplasmIDA
GO:0005737 cytoplasmIBA
GO:0005739 mitochondrionIEA
GO:0005813 centrosomeIDA
GO:0005829 cytosolIBA
GO:0005829 cytosolTAS
GO:0005886 plasma membraneIDA
GO:0030424 axonISS
GO:0030424 axonIBA
GO:0030425 dendriteISS
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complexTAS
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complexIDA
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complexIBA
GO:0098794 postsynapseIEA
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapseEXP
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapseIDA
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapseIMP
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapseIBA
GO:1990909 Wnt signalosomeTAS

Reactome Pathway

Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-1257604 PIP3 activates AKT signalingIEA
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental BiologyTAS
R-HSA-162582 Signal TransductionIEA
R-HSA-162582 Signal TransductionTAS
R-HSA-1640170 Cell CycleIEA
R-HSA-1643685 DiseaseTAS
R-HSA-195253 Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complexTAS
R-HSA-195721 Signaling by WNTTAS
R-HSA-195721 Signaling by WNTIEA
R-HSA-196299 Beta-catenin phosphorylation cascadeTAS
R-HSA-198323 AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosolIEA
R-HSA-201681 TCF dependent signaling in response to WNTTAS
R-HSA-201681 TCF dependent signaling in response to WNTIEA
R-HSA-212165 Epigenetic regulation of gene expressionTAS
R-HSA-212436 Generic Transcription PathwayIEA
R-HSA-2219528 PI3K/AKT Signaling in CancerTAS
R-HSA-2262752 Cellular responses to stressTAS
R-HSA-3371453 Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock responseTAS
R-HSA-3371556 Cellular response to heat stressTAS
R-HSA-373755 Semaphorin interactionsTAS
R-HSA-399956 CRMPs in Sema3A signalingTAS
R-HSA-422475 Axon guidanceTAS
R-HSA-4641262 Disassembly of the destruction complex and recruitment of AXIN to the membraneTAS
R-HSA-4641262 Disassembly of the destruction complex and recruitment of AXIN to the membraneIEA
R-HSA-4791275 Signaling by WNT in cancerTAS
R-HSA-4839735 AXIN mutants destabilize the destruction complex, activating WNT signalingTAS
R-HSA-4839743 phosphorylation site mutants of CTNNB1 are not targeted to the proteasome by the destruction complexTAS
R-HSA-4839744 truncated APC mutants destabilize the destruction complexTAS
R-HSA-4839748 AMER1 mutants destabilize the destruction complexTAS
R-HSA-5250913 Positive epigenetic regulation of rRNA expressionTAS
R-HSA-5250924 B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expressionTAS
R-HSA-5339716 Misspliced GSK3beta mutants stabilize beta-cateninTAS
R-HSA-5358351 Signaling by HedgehogTAS
R-HSA-5358351 Signaling by HedgehogIEA
R-HSA-5358747 S33 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylatedTAS
R-HSA-5358749 S37 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylatedTAS
R-HSA-5358751 S45 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylatedTAS
R-HSA-5358752 T41 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylatedTAS
R-HSA-5467337 APC truncation mutants have impaired AXIN bindingTAS
R-HSA-5467340 AXIN missense mutants destabilize the destruction complexTAS
R-HSA-5467348 Truncations of AMER1 destabilize the destruction complexTAS
R-HSA-5610783 Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasomeIEA
R-HSA-5610785 GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasomeTAS
R-HSA-5610787 Hedgehog 'off' stateTAS
R-HSA-5610787 Hedgehog 'off' stateIEA
R-HSA-5663202 Diseases of signal transductionTAS
R-HSA-5674400 Constitutive Signaling by AKT1 E17K in CancerTAS
R-HSA-69242 S PhaseIEA
R-HSA-69278 Cell Cycle, MitoticIEA
R-HSA-73857 RNA Polymerase II TranscriptionIEA
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription)IEA
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription)TAS
R-HSA-75815 Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin DIEA
R-HSA-8878166 Transcriptional regulation by RUNX2IEA
R-HSA-8939902 Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activityIEA
R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to external stimuliTAS
R-HSA-9006925 Intracellular signaling by second messengersIEA

Drugs and compounds information

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Functional annotations

Keywords

Keyword ID Keyword Term
KW-0002 3D-structure
KW-0013 ADP-ribosylation
KW-0025 Alternative splicing
KW-0026 Alzheimer disease
KW-0067 ATP-binding
KW-0090 Biological rhythms
KW-0119 Carbohydrate metabolism
KW-1003 Cell membrane
KW-0963 Cytoplasm
KW-0217 Developmental protein
KW-0219 Diabetes mellitus
KW-0221 Differentiation
KW-0321 Glycogen metabolism
KW-0418 Kinase
KW-0472 Membrane
KW-0524 Neurogenesis
KW-0547 Nucleotide-binding
KW-0539 Nucleus
KW-0597 Phosphoprotein
KW-1185 Reference proteome
KW-0723 Serine/threonine-protein kinase
KW-0734 Signal transduction inhibitor
KW-0808 Transferase
KW-0879 Wnt signaling pathway

Interpro

InterPro ID InterPro Term
IPR033573 GSK3B
IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom_sf
IPR000719 Prot_kinase_dom
IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS
IPR008271 Ser/Thr_kinase_AS
IPR039192 STKc_GSK3

PROSITE

PROSITE ID PROSITE Term
PS00107 PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP
PS50011 PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM
PS00108 PROTEIN_KINASE_ST

Pfam

Pfam ID Pfam Term
PF00069 Pkinase

Protein-protein interaction

Protein-miRNA interaction