Gene: MTRR

Basic information

Tag Content
Uniprot ID Q9UBK8; O60471; Q32MA9; Q7Z4M8;
Entrez ID 4552
Genbank protein ID AAF17303.1; AAH54816.2; AAF16876.1; AAI09217.1; AAF17304.1; AAC39667.1;
Genbank nucleotide ID NM_002454.2; NM_024010.2;
Ensembl protein ID ENSP00000264668; ENSP00000402510;
Ensembl nucleotide ID ENSG00000124275
Gene name Methionine synthase reductase
Gene symbol MTRR
Organism Homo sapiens
NCBI taxa ID 9606
Cleft type CPO,CL/P
Developmental stage
Data sources Manually collected
Reference 26963196; 27167580;
Functional description Key enzyme in methionine and folate homeostasis responsible for the reactivation of methionine synthase (MTR/MS) activity by catalyzing the reductive methylation of MTR-bound cob(II)alamin (PubMed:17892308). Cobalamin (vitamin B12) forms a complex with MTR to serve as an intermediary in methyl transfer reactions that cycles between MTR-bound methylcob(III)alamin and MTR bound-cob(I)alamin forms, and occasional oxidative escape of the cob(I)alamin intermediate during the catalytic cycle leads to the inactive cob(II)alamin species (Probable). The processing of cobalamin in the cytosol occurs in a multiprotein complex composed of at least MMACHC, MMADHC, MTRR and MTR which may contribute to shuttle safely and efficiently cobalamin towards MTR in order to produce methionine (PubMed:27771510). Also necessary for the utilization of methyl groups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (By similarity). Also acts as a molecular chaperone for methionine synthase by stabilizing apoMTR and incorporating methylcob(III)alamin into apoMTR to form the holoenzyme (PubMed:16769880). Also serves as an aquacobalamin reductase by reducing aquacobalamin to cob(II)alamin in the presence of NADPH; this reduction leads to stimulation of the conversion of apoMTR and aquacobalamin to MTR holoenzyme (PubMed:16769880).
Sequence
MRRFLLLYAT QQGQAKAIAE EICEQAVVHG FSADLHCISE SDKYDLKTET APLVVVVSTT 60
GTGDPPDTAR KFVKEIQNQT LPVDFFAHLR YGLLGLGDSE YTYFCNGGKI IDKRLQELGA 120
RHFYDTGHAD DCVGLELVVE PWIAGLWPAL RKHFRSSRGQ EEISGALPVA SPASSRTDLV 180
KSELLHIESQ VELLRFDDSG RKDSEVLKQN AVNSNQSNVV IEDFESSLTR SVPPLSQASL 240
NIPGLPPEYL QVHLQESLGQ EESQVSVTSA DPVFQVPISK AVQLTTNDAI KTTLLVELDI 300
SNTDFSYQPG DAFSVICPNS DSEVQSLLQR LQLEDKREHC VLLKIKADTK KKGATLPQHI 360
PAGCSLQFIF TWCLEIRAIP KKAFLRALVD YTSDSAEKRR LQELCSKQGA ADYSRFVRDA 420
CACLLDLLLA FPSCQPPLSL LLEHLPKLQP RPYSCASSSL FHPGKLHFVF NIVEFLSTAT 480
TEVLRKGVCT GWLALLVASV LQPNIHASHE DSGKALAPKI SISPRTTNSF HLPDDPSIPI 540
IMVGPGTGIA PFIGFLQHRE KLQEQHPDGN FGAMWLFFGC RHKDRDYLFR KELRHFLKHG 600
ILTHLKVSFS RDAPVGEEEA PAKYVQDNIQ LHGQQVARIL LQENGHIYVC GDAKNMAKDV 660
HDALVQIISK EVGVEKLEAM KTLATLKEEK RYLQDIWS 698

Abbreviation :
CLO : cleft lip only. CPO : cleft palate only. CLP : cleft lip and palate. CL/P : cleft lip with/without cleft palate.
For humans: CL/P, CLO, CPO, and CLP. For mice: CLO, CLP, and CPO.

Gene expression information

Gene expression in different tissues (GTEx V7)

  

Gene expression in different tissues (ENCODE)

  

Protein structural annotations

3D structure in PDB database


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Protein disorder information

Orthologous information

Relation Gene symbol Entrez ID UniProt ID Cleft type Developmental stage Species Evidence Details
1:1 orthologMTRR507991F1MGP5Bos taurusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologMTRR102171193A0A452F9C4Capra hircusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologMTRR4552Q9UBK8CPO,CL/PHomo sapiensPublicationMore>>
1:1 orthologMtrr210009A0A0R4J0G9Mus musculusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologMTRR461717H2QQM3Pan troglodytesPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologMTRRF1S0T1Sus scrofaPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologMtrr290947Q498R1Rattus norvegicusPredictionMore>>
1:1 orthologmtrr560667F1RE28Danio rerioPredictionMore>>

Identified variants/mutations related to cleft phenotype

Gene symbol Significant Variants/SNPS Methods PubMed ID
MTRRrs1801394; c.66A>G PCR-RFLP27167580
MTRRrs1801394; c.66A>G (protective)meta analysis 32124929
MTRRrs1801394; c.66A>GGenotyping26963196

Other genetic variants/mutations

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Disease or phenotype associated information

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Gene Ontology (GO)/biological pathways

GO:Molecular Function

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0003958 NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activityIDA
GO:0003958 NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activityIBA
GO:0005515 protein bindingIPI
GO:0010181 FMN bindingIDA
GO:0010181 FMN bindingIBA
GO:0010181 FMN bindingTAS
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activityIBA
GO:0016709 oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenIBA
GO:0016723 oxidoreductase activity, oxidizing metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptorIDA
GO:0030586 [methionine synthase] reductase activityIDA
GO:0030586 [methionine synthase] reductase activityTAS
GO:0030586 [methionine synthase] reductase activityIBA
GO:0050444 aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH) activityIDA
GO:0050660 flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingIDA
GO:0050660 flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingIBA
GO:0050660 flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingTAS
GO:0050661 NADP bindingTAS
GO:0070402 NADPH bindingIDA
GO:0071949 FAD bindingIDA

GO:Biological Process

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0000096 sulfur amino acid metabolic processTAS
GO:0006306 DNA methylationISS
GO:0006555 methionine metabolic processTAS
GO:0009086 methionine biosynthetic processIDA
GO:0009086 methionine biosynthetic processIBA
GO:0009235 cobalamin metabolic processTAS
GO:0032259 methylationTAS
GO:0033353 S-adenosylmethionine cycleISS
GO:0043418 homocysteine catabolic processIDA
GO:0046655 folic acid metabolic processISS
GO:0046655 folic acid metabolic processIDA
GO:0050667 homocysteine metabolic processIBA
GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction processTAS
GO:1904042 negative regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activityIDA

GO:Cellular Component

GO ID GO Term Evidence
GO:0005829 cytosolIBA
GO:0005829 cytosolTAS

Reactome Pathway

Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-1430728 MetabolismTAS
R-HSA-156580 Phase II - Conjugation of compoundsTAS
R-HSA-156581 MethylationTAS
R-HSA-1614635 Sulfur amino acid metabolismTAS
R-HSA-1643685 DiseaseTAS
R-HSA-196741 Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolismTAS
R-HSA-196849 Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactorsTAS
R-HSA-196854 Metabolism of vitamins and cofactorsTAS
R-HSA-211859 Biological oxidationsTAS
R-HSA-3296469 Defects in cobalamin (B12) metabolismTAS
R-HSA-3296482 Defects in vitamin and cofactor metabolismTAS
R-HSA-3359467 Defective MTRR causes methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblETAS
R-HSA-3359469 Defective MTR causes methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblGTAS
R-HSA-5668914 Diseases of metabolismTAS
R-HSA-71291 Metabolism of amino acids and derivativesTAS

Drugs and compounds information

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Functional annotations

Keywords

Keyword ID Keyword Term
KW-0002 3D-structure
KW-0025 Alternative splicing
KW-0028 Amino-acid biosynthesis
KW-0963 Cytoplasm
KW-0225 Disease mutation
KW-0274 FAD
KW-0285 Flavoprotein
KW-0288 FMN
KW-0486 Methionine biosynthesis
KW-0521 NADP
KW-0560 Oxidoreductase
KW-0597 Phosphoprotein
KW-0621 Polymorphism
KW-1185 Reference proteome
KW-0949 S-adenosyl-L-methionine

Interpro

InterPro ID InterPro Term
IPR003097 CysJ-like_FAD-binding
IPR017927 FAD-bd_FR_type
IPR001094 Flavdoxin-like
IPR008254 Flavodoxin/NO_synth
IPR001709 Flavoprot_Pyr_Nucl_cyt_Rdtase
IPR029039 Flavoprotein-like_sf
IPR039261 FNR_nucleotide-bd
IPR023173 NADPH_Cyt_P450_Rdtase_alpha
IPR001433 OxRdtase_FAD/NAD-bd
IPR017938 Riboflavin_synthase-like_b-brl

PROSITE

PROSITE ID PROSITE Term
PS51384 FAD_FR
PS50902 FLAVODOXIN_LIKE

Pfam

Pfam ID Pfam Term
PF00667 FAD_binding_1
PF00258 Flavodoxin_1
PF00175 NAD_binding_1

Protein-protein interaction

Protein-miRNA interaction