FUNCTION: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is...
FUNCTION: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5'-TTAGGG-3'. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension. More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14963003, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15082768, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15857955, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17026956, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17264120, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17296728, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17548608, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19188162, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19567472, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19571879, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19777057, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9389643}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
cellular response to hypoxia [GO:0071456]; DNA biosynthetic process [GO:0071897]; DNA strand elongation [GO:0022616]; double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process [GO:0062103]; establishment of protein localization to telomere [GO:0070200]; mitochondrion organization [GO:0007005]; negative regulation of...
cellular response to hypoxia [GO:0071456]; DNA biosynthetic process [GO:0071897]; DNA strand elongation [GO:0022616]; double-stranded RNA biosynthetic process [GO:0062103]; establishment of protein localization to telomere [GO:0070200]; mitochondrion organization [GO:0007005]; negative regulation of cellular senescence [GO:2000773]; negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process [GO:2000352]; negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand [GO:2001240]; negative regulation of gene expression [GO:0010629]; negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process [GO:0043524]; negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA [GO:1903799]; negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in RNA interference [GO:1903704]; positive regulation of angiogenesis [GO:0045766]; positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle [GO:1900087]; positive regulation of glucose import [GO:0046326]; positive regulation of hair cycle [GO:0042635]; positive regulation of miRNA transcription [GO:1902895]; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity [GO:0051000]; positive regulation of protein binding [GO:0032092]; positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus [GO:1904751]; positive regulation of stem cell proliferation [GO:2000648]; positive regulation of transdifferentiation [GO:1903620]; positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration [GO:1904754]; positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation [GO:1904707]; positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway [GO:0030177]; production of siRNA involved in RNA interference [GO:0030422]; regulation of protein stability [GO:0031647]; replicative senescence [GO:0090399]; response to cadmium ion [GO:0046686]; RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process [GO:0006278]; telomere maintenance [GO:0000723]; telomere maintenance via telomerase [GO:0007004]; transcription, RNA-templated [GO:0001172]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
chaperone binding [GO:0051087]; DNA binding [GO:0003677]; identical protein binding [GO:0042802]; metal ion binding [GO:0046872]; protein C-terminus binding [GO:0008022]; protein homodimerization activity [GO:0042803]; protein N-terminus binding [GO:0047485]; RNA binding [GO:0003723]; RNA-directed 5...
chaperone binding [GO:0051087]; DNA binding [GO:0003677]; identical protein binding [GO:0042802]; metal ion binding [GO:0046872]; protein C-terminus binding [GO:0008022]; protein homodimerization activity [GO:0042803]; protein N-terminus binding [GO:0047485]; RNA binding [GO:0003723]; RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity [GO:0003968]; RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity [GO:0003964]; telomerase activity [GO:0003720]; telomerase RNA binding [GO:0070034]; telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity [GO:0003721]; telomeric DNA binding [GO:0042162]; template-free RNA nucleotidyltransferase [GO:0098680]; transcription coactivator binding [GO:0001223]; tRNA binding [GO:0000049]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
chromosome, telomeric region [GO:0000781]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrial nucleoid [GO:0042645]; nuclear speck [GO:0016607]; nuclear telomere cap complex [GO:0000783]; nucleolus [GO:0005730]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; plasma membrane [GO:0005886]; PML body [GO:0016605]; RN...
chromosome, telomeric region [GO:0000781]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrial nucleoid [GO:0042645]; nuclear speck [GO:0016607]; nuclear telomere cap complex [GO:0000783]; nucleolus [GO:0005730]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; plasma membrane [GO:0005886]; PML body [GO:0016605]; RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex [GO:0031379]; telomerase catalytic core complex [GO:0000333]; telomerase holoenzyme complex [GO:0005697]; TERT-RMRP complex [GO:1990572]
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