FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3) precursors, acting as a fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase that introduces a cis double bond...
FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3) precursors, acting as a fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase that introduces a cis double bond at carbon 6 of the fatty acyl chain. Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in this pathway which is the desaturation of LA (18:2n-6) and ALA (18:3n-3) into gamma-linoleate (GLA) (18:3n-6) and stearidonate (18:4n-3), respectively (PubMed:12713571). Subsequently, in the biosynthetic pathway of HUFA n-3 series, it desaturates tetracosapentaenoate (24:5n-3) to tetracosahexaenoate (24:6n-3), which is then converted to docosahexaenoate (DHA)(22:6n-3), an important lipid for nervous system function (By similarity). Desaturates hexadecanate (palmitate) to produce 6Z-hexadecenoate (sapienate), a fatty acid unique to humans and major component of human sebum, that has been implicated in the development of acne and may have potent antibacterial activity (PubMed:12713571). It can also desaturate (11E)-octadecenoate (trans-vaccenoate, the predominant trans fatty acid in human milk) at carbon 6 generating (6Z,11E)-octadecadienoate (By similarity). In addition to Delta-6 activity, this enzyme exhibits Delta-8 activity with slight biases toward n-3 fatty acyl-CoA substrates (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:B8R1K0, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z122, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12713571}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process [GO:0036109]; linoleic acid metabolic process [GO:0043651]; lipid metabolic process [GO:0006629]; unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process [GO:0006636]...
alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process [GO:0036109]; linoleic acid metabolic process [GO:0043651]; lipid metabolic process [GO:0006629]; unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process [GO:0006636]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity [GO:0016213]; oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water [GO:0016717]; stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity [GO:0004768]...
linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity [GO:0016213]; oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water [GO:0016717]; stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity [GO:0004768]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
endoplasmic reticulum membrane [GO:0005789]; integral component of plasma membrane [GO:0005887]; membrane [GO:0016020]...
endoplasmic reticulum membrane [GO:0005789]; integral component of plasma membrane [GO:0005887]; membrane [GO:0016020]
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