FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, leading to repress cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes (PubMed:9852097). Plays a key role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues: 25-hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of 7-alpha,25-dihydroxych...
FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, leading to repress cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes (PubMed:9852097). Plays a key role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues: 25-hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of 7-alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7-alpha,25-OHC), an oxysterol that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2, a chemotactic receptor for a number of lymphoid cells (By similarity). May play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing (PubMed:9852097). As an interferon-stimulated gene, has broad antiviral activities against a wide range of enveloped viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol, activates the ER-localized enzyme ACAT to induce internalization of accessible cholesterol on the plasma membrane and restricts SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion which inhibits virus replication (PubMed:33239446, PubMed:32944968). In testis, production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by macrophages plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q4QQV7, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z0F5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32944968, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33239446, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9852097}.
View more >>
GO - Biological processes (BP):
B cell chemotaxis [GO:0035754]; cholesterol metabolic process [GO:0008203]; lipid metabolic process [GO:0006629]; negative regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane [GO:1903914]; response to type I interferon [GO:0034340]; sterol biosynthetic process [GO:0016126]...
B cell chemotaxis [GO:0035754]; cholesterol metabolic process [GO:0008203]; lipid metabolic process [GO:0006629]; negative regulation of fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane [GO:1903914]; response to type I interferon [GO:0034340]; sterol biosynthetic process [GO:0016126]
View more >>
GO - Molecular function (MF):
C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity [GO:0000254]; cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity [GO:0001567]; iron ion binding [GO:0005506]; oxidoreductase activity [GO:0016491]; steroid hydroxylase activity [GO:0008395]...
C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity [GO:0000254]; cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity [GO:0001567]; iron ion binding [GO:0005506]; oxidoreductase activity [GO:0016491]; steroid hydroxylase activity [GO:0008395]
View more >>
GO - Cellular component (CC):
cytosol [GO:0005829]; endoplasmic reticulum membrane [GO:0005789]; integral component of membrane [GO:0016021]; membrane [GO:0016020]...
cytosol [GO:0005829]; endoplasmic reticulum membrane [GO:0005789]; integral component of membrane [GO:0016021]; membrane [GO:0016020]
View more >>