FUNCTION: Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA (PubMed:16289705). This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex (PubMed:16289705). Junction of the 60S ribosomal subuni...
FUNCTION: Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA (PubMed:16289705). This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex (PubMed:16289705). Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex (PubMed:16289705). In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B (PubMed:16289705). EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to an attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming (PubMed:19131336, PubMed:33384352). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16289705, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19131336, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33384352}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
aging [GO:0007568]; cellular response to amino acid starvation [GO:0034198]; cellular response to heat [GO:0034605]; cellular response to oxidative stress [GO:0034599]; cellular response to UV [GO:0034644]; negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity [GO:1905098]; negative regu...
aging [GO:0007568]; cellular response to amino acid starvation [GO:0034198]; cellular response to heat [GO:0034605]; cellular response to oxidative stress [GO:0034599]; cellular response to UV [GO:0034644]; negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity [GO:1905098]; negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress [GO:0032057]; PERK-mediated unfolded protein response [GO:0036499]; positive regulation of neuron death [GO:1901216]; positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process [GO:2000676]; protein autophosphorylation [GO:0046777]; regulation of translational initiation in response to stress [GO:0043558]; response to endoplasmic reticulum stress [GO:0034976]; response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress [GO:1990737]; stress granule assembly [GO:0034063]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
ribosome binding [GO:0043022]; RNA binding [GO:0003723]; translation initiation factor activity [GO:0003743]...
ribosome binding [GO:0043022]; RNA binding [GO:0003723]; translation initiation factor activity [GO:0003743]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
cytoplasmic stress granule [GO:0010494]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex [GO:0033290]; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex [GO:0005851]; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex [GO:0005850]; extracellular exosome [GO:0070062]; glial limiting end-...
cytoplasmic stress granule [GO:0010494]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex [GO:0033290]; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex [GO:0005851]; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex [GO:0005850]; extracellular exosome [GO:0070062]; glial limiting end-foot [GO:0097451]; membrane [GO:0016020]; multi-eIF complex [GO:0043614]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; polysome [GO:0005844]; synapse [GO:0045202]; translation initiation ternary complex [GO:0044207]
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