FUNCTION: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Binds to IL6R, then the complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130 to trigger the intracellular IL6-signaling pathway (Probable). The interaction with the membrane-bound IL6R...
FUNCTION: Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Binds to IL6R, then the complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130 to trigger the intracellular IL6-signaling pathway (Probable). The interaction with the membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', whereas the binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates 'trans-signaling'. Alternatively, 'cluster signaling' occurs when membrane-bound IL6:IL6R complexes on transmitter cells activate IL6ST receptors on neighboring receiver cells (Probable). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:30995492}.; FUNCTION: IL6 is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Rapid production of IL6 contributes to host defense during infection and tissue injury, but excessive IL6 synthesis is involved in disease pathology. In the innate immune response, is synthesized by myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, upon recognition of pathogens through toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the site of infection or tissue injury (Probable). In the adaptive immune response, is required for the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Plays a major role in the differentiation of CD4(+) T cell subsets. Essential factor for the development of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells that are required for the induction of germinal-center formation. Required to drive naive CD4(+) T cells to the Th17 lineage. Also required for proliferation of myeloma cells and the survival of plasmablast cells (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08505, ECO:0000305|PubMed:30995492}.; FUNCTION: Acts as an essential factor in bone homeostasis and on vessels directly or indirectly by induction of VEGF, resulting in increased angiogenesis activity and vascular permeability (PubMed:17075861, PubMed:12794819). Induces, through 'trans-signaling' and synergistically with IL1B and TNF, the production of VEGF (PubMed:12794819). Involved in metabolic controls, is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction increasing lipolysis and improving insulin resistance (PubMed:20823453). 'Trans-signaling' in central nervous system also regulates energy and glucose homeostasis (By similarity). Mediates, through GLP-1, crosstalk between insulin-sensitive tissues, intestinal L cells and pancreatic islets to adapt to changes in insulin demand (By similarity). Also acts as a myokine (Probable). Plays a protective role during liver injury, being required for maintenance of tissue regeneration (By similarity). Also has a pivotal role in iron metabolism by regulating HAMP/hepcidin expression upon inflammation or bacterial infection (PubMed:15124018). Through activation of IL6ST-YAP-NOTCH pathway, induces inflammation-induced epithelial regeneration (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08505, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12794819, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15124018, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17075861, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20823453, ECO:0000305|PubMed:30995492}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
acute-phase response [GO:0006953]; cellular response to hydrogen peroxide [GO:0070301]; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide [GO:0071222]; cellular response to virus [GO:0098586]; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway [GO:0019221]; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium [GO:0050829]; defense r...
acute-phase response [GO:0006953]; cellular response to hydrogen peroxide [GO:0070301]; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide [GO:0071222]; cellular response to virus [GO:0098586]; cytokine-mediated signaling pathway [GO:0019221]; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium [GO:0050829]; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium [GO:0050830]; defense response to virus [GO:0051607]; endocrine pancreas development [GO:0031018]; germinal center B cell differentiation [GO:0002314]; glucagon secretion [GO:0070091]; glucose homeostasis [GO:0042593]; hepatic immune response [GO:0002384]; hepatocyte proliferation [GO:0072574]; humoral immune response [GO:0006959]; inflammatory response [GO:0006954]; interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway [GO:0070102]; liver regeneration [GO:0097421]; maintenance of blood-brain barrier [GO:0035633]; monocyte chemotaxis [GO:0002548]; negative regulation of apoptotic process [GO:0043066]; negative regulation of bone resorption [GO:0045779]; negative regulation of cell population proliferation [GO:0008285]; negative regulation of chemokine production [GO:0032682]; negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process [GO:0032966]; negative regulation of fat cell differentiation [GO:0045599]; negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway [GO:2000660]; negative regulation of lipid storage [GO:0010888]; negative regulation of neurogenesis [GO:0050768]; negative regulation of primary miRNA processing [GO:2000635]; neuron cellular homeostasis [GO:0070050]; neuron projection development [GO:0031175]; neutrophil apoptotic process [GO:0001781]; neutrophil mediated immunity [GO:0002446]; platelet activation [GO:0030168]; positive regulation of acute inflammatory response [GO:0002675]; positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation [GO:1902512]; positive regulation of apoptotic process [GO:0043065]; positive regulation of B cell activation [GO:0050871]; positive regulation of cell population proliferation [GO:0008284]; positive regulation of chemokine production [GO:0032722]; positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response [GO:1900017]; positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity [GO:0051091]; positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition [GO:0010718]; positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly [GO:0090091]; positive regulation of gene expression [GO:0010628]; positive regulation of glial cell proliferation [GO:0060252]; positive regulation of immunoglobulin production [GO:0002639]; positive regulation of interleukin-10 production [GO:0032733]; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production [GO:0032740]; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production [GO:0032731]; positive regulation of interleukin-21 production [GO:0032745]; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production [GO:0032755]; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production [GO:0032757]; positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell [GO:1904996]; positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis [GO:0002690]; positive regulation of MAPK cascade [GO:0043410]; positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response [GO:0150078]; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation [GO:0045669]; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation [GO:0033138]; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation [GO:0050731]; positive regulation of platelet aggregation [GO:1901731]; positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA [GO:1903800]; positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT [GO:0046427]; positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT [GO:1904894]; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation [GO:0048661]; positive regulation of T cell proliferation [GO:0042102]; positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production [GO:2000553]; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated [GO:0045893]; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II [GO:0045944]; positive regulation of translation [GO:0045727]; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production [GO:0032760]; positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process [GO:2000676]; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein [GO:0042531]; positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production [GO:0010575]; regulation of angiogenesis [GO:0045765]; regulation of astrocyte activation [GO:0061888]; regulation of glucagon secretion [GO:0070092]; regulation of insulin secretion [GO:0050796]; regulation of microglial cell activation [GO:1903978]; regulation of neuroinflammatory response [GO:0150077]; regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production [GO:0010574]; response to activity [GO:0014823]; response to glucocorticoid [GO:0051384]; response to peptidoglycan [GO:0032494]; T follicular helper cell differentiation [GO:0061470]; T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment [GO:0072540]; vascular endothelial growth factor production [GO:0010573]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
cytokine activity [GO:0005125]; growth factor activity [GO:0008083]; interleukin-6 receptor binding [GO:0005138]...
cytokine activity [GO:0005125]; growth factor activity [GO:0008083]; interleukin-6 receptor binding [GO:0005138]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
endoplasmic reticulum lumen [GO:0005788]; extracellular region [GO:0005576]; extracellular space [GO:0005615]; interleukin-6 receptor complex [GO:0005896]...
endoplasmic reticulum lumen [GO:0005788]; extracellular region [GO:0005576]; extracellular space [GO:0005615]; interleukin-6 receptor complex [GO:0005896]
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