FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate, respectively) (PubMed:7742312, PubMed:11916951, PubMed:15277402, PubMed:17082186, PubMed:18322640, PubMed:19...
FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate, respectively) (PubMed:7742312, PubMed:11916951, PubMed:15277402, PubMed:17082186, PubMed:18322640, PubMed:19146401, PubMed:25015100, PubMed:8325892). Compared to other hexokinases, has a weak affinity for D-glucose, and is effective only when glucose is abundant (By similarity). Mainly expressed in pancreatic beta cells and the liver and constitutes a rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism in these tissues (PubMed:18322640, PubMed:25015100, PubMed:8325892, PubMed:11916951, PubMed:15277402). Since insulin secretion parallels glucose metabolism and the low glucose affinity of GCK ensures that it can change its enzymatic activity within the physiological range of glucose concentrations, GCK acts as a glucose sensor in the pancreatic beta cell (By similarity). In pancreas, plays an important role in modulating insulin secretion (By similarity). In liver, helps to facilitate the uptake and conversion of glucose by acting as an insulin-sensitive determinant of hepatic glucose usage (By similarity). Required to provide D-glucose 6-phosphate for the synthesis of glycogen (PubMed:8878425). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (PubMed:7742312). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P17712, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P52792, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11916951, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15277402, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17082186, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18322640, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19146401, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25015100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7742312, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8325892, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8878425}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
calcium ion import [GO:0070509]; canonical glycolysis [GO:0061621]; cellular glucose homeostasis [GO:0001678]; cellular response to insulin stimulus [GO:0032869]; cellular response to leptin stimulus [GO:0044320]; detection of glucose [GO:0051594]; glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process [GO:0051156];...
calcium ion import [GO:0070509]; canonical glycolysis [GO:0061621]; cellular glucose homeostasis [GO:0001678]; cellular response to insulin stimulus [GO:0032869]; cellular response to leptin stimulus [GO:0044320]; detection of glucose [GO:0051594]; glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process [GO:0051156]; glucose homeostasis [GO:0042593]; glycolytic process [GO:0006096]; NADP metabolic process [GO:0006739]; negative regulation of gluconeogenesis [GO:0045721]; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process [GO:0045725]; positive regulation of insulin secretion [GO:0032024]; regulation of glycolytic process [GO:0006110]; regulation of insulin secretion [GO:0050796]; regulation of potassium ion transport [GO:0043266]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
ATP binding [GO:0005524]; fructokinase activity [GO:0008865]; glucokinase activity [GO:0004340]; glucose binding [GO:0005536]; mannokinase activity [GO:0019158]...
ATP binding [GO:0005524]; fructokinase activity [GO:0008865]; glucokinase activity [GO:0004340]; glucose binding [GO:0005536]; mannokinase activity [GO:0019158]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]...
cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]
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