FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-...
FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons. Phosphorylates the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer and plays a role in the regulation of the circadian clock (PubMed:22441692). Phosphorylates POU5F1, which results in the inhibition of POU5F1's transcriptional activity and enhances its proteosomal degradation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WTU6, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22441692}.; FUNCTION: MAPK9 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN, whereas beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only weakly to it.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
cellular response to cadmium ion [GO:0071276]; cellular response to reactive oxygen species [GO:0034614]; cellular senescence [GO:0090398]; Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway [GO:0038095]; intracellular signal transduction [GO:0035556]; JNK cascade [GO:0007254]; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation [G...
cellular response to cadmium ion [GO:0071276]; cellular response to reactive oxygen species [GO:0034614]; cellular senescence [GO:0090398]; Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway [GO:0038095]; intracellular signal transduction [GO:0035556]; JNK cascade [GO:0007254]; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation [GO:0018105]; positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway [GO:2001235]; positive regulation of gene expression [GO:0010628]; positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation [GO:0010744]; positive regulation of podosome assembly [GO:0071803]; positive regulation of protein ubiquitination [GO:0031398]; positive regulation of transcription factor catabolic process [GO:1901485]; protein localization to tricellular tight junction [GO:0061833]; protein phosphorylation [GO:0006468]; regulation of circadian rhythm [GO:0042752]; regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity [GO:0051090]; rhythmic process [GO:0048511]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
ATP binding [GO:0005524]; JUN kinase activity [GO:0004705]; MAP kinase activity [GO:0004707]; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity [GO:0004712]; protein serine/threonine kinase activity [GO:0004674]; protein serine kinase activity [GO:0106310]...
ATP binding [GO:0005524]; JUN kinase activity [GO:0004705]; MAP kinase activity [GO:0004707]; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity [GO:0004712]; protein serine/threonine kinase activity [GO:0004674]; protein serine kinase activity [GO:0106310]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]; nuclear speck [GO:0016607]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; plasma membrane [GO:0005886]...
cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; cytosol [GO:0005829]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]; nuclear speck [GO:0016607]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; plasma membrane [GO:0005886]
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