NSUN2
UniProt ID: Q08J23
Entrez ID: 54888
Protein name: RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase NSUN2 (EC 2.1.1.-) (Myc-induced SUN domain-containing protein) (Misu) (NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 2) (Substrate of AIM1/Aurora kinase B) (mRNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase) (EC 2.1.1.-) (tRNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase) (EC 2.1.1.-) (EC 2.1.1.203) (tRNA methyltransferase 4 homolog) (hTrm4)
External links: UniprotKB HGNC RefSeq COSMIC
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FUNCTION: RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase that methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various RNAs, such as tRNAs, mRNAs and some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (PubMed:17071714, PubMed:22995836, PubMed:31358969, PubMed:31199786). Involved in various processes, such as epidermal stem c...
FUNCTION: RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase that methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various RNAs, such as tRNAs, mRNAs and some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (PubMed:17071714, PubMed:22995836, PubMed:31358969, PubMed:31199786). Involved in various processes, such as epidermal stem cell differentiation, testis differentiation and maternal to zygotic transition during early development: acts by increasing protein synthesis; cytosine C(5)-methylation promoting tRNA stability and preventing mRNA decay (PubMed:31199786). Methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) at positions 34 and 48 of intron-containing tRNA(Leu)(CAA) precursors, and at positions 48, 49 and 50 of tRNA(Gly)(GCC) precursors (PubMed:17071714, PubMed:22995836, PubMed:31199786). tRNA methylation is required generation of RNA fragments derived from tRNAs (tRFs) (PubMed:31199786). Also mediates C(5)-methylation of mitochondrial tRNAs (PubMed:31276587). Catalyzes cytosine C(5)-methylation of mRNAs, leading to stabilize them and prevent mRNA decay: mRNA stabilization involves YBX1 that specifically recognizes and binds m5C-modified transcripts (PubMed:22395603, PubMed:31358969, PubMed:34556860). Cytosine C(5)-methylation of mRNAs also regulates mRNA export: methylated transcripts are specifically recognized by THOC4/ALYREF, which mediates mRNA nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling (PubMed:28418038). Also mediates cytosine C(5)-methylation of non-coding RNAs, such as vault RNAs (vtRNAs), promoting their processing into regulatory small RNAs (PubMed:23871666). Cytosine C(5)-methylation of vtRNA VTRNA1.1 promotes its processing into small-vault RNA4 (svRNA4) and regulates epidermal differentiation (PubMed:31186410). May act downstream of Myc to regulate epidermal cell growth and proliferation (By similarity). Required for proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, independently of its methyltransferase activity (PubMed:19596847). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q1HFZ0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17071714, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19596847, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22395603, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22995836, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23871666, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28418038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31186410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31199786, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31276587, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31358969, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34556860}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
cell division [GO:0051301]; hair follicle maturation [GO:0048820]; in utero embryonic development [GO:0001701]; meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling [GO:0033313]; mRNA methylation [GO:0080009]; regulation of mRNA export from nucleus [GO:0010793]; regulation of stem cell differentiation [GO:200073...
cell division [GO:0051301]; hair follicle maturation [GO:0048820]; in utero embryonic development [GO:0001701]; meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling [GO:0033313]; mRNA methylation [GO:0080009]; regulation of mRNA export from nucleus [GO:0010793]; regulation of stem cell differentiation [GO:2000736]; RNA methylation [GO:0001510]; spermatid development [GO:0007286]; tRNA methylation [GO:0030488]; tRNA modification [GO:0006400]; tRNA stabilization [GO:0036416]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
methyltransferase activity [GO:0008168]; mRNA (cytidine-5-)-methyltransferase activity [GO:0062152]; RNA binding [GO:0003723]; tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity [GO:0016428]; tRNA binding [GO:0000049]...
methyltransferase activity [GO:0008168]; mRNA (cytidine-5-)-methyltransferase activity [GO:0062152]; RNA binding [GO:0003723]; tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity [GO:0016428]; tRNA binding [GO:0000049]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
chromatoid body [GO:0033391]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; extracellular exosome [GO:0070062]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]; nucleolus [GO:0005730]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; spindle [GO:0005819]...
chromatoid body [GO:0033391]; cytoplasm [GO:0005737]; extracellular exosome [GO:0070062]; mitochondrion [GO:0005739]; nucleolus [GO:0005730]; nucleoplasm [GO:0005654]; nucleus [GO:0005634]; spindle [GO:0005819]
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NSUN2
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*NOTE: the Kaplan plots were collected from OncoLnc