| 1 | J Consult Clin Psychol 2001 Feb 69: 3-12 |
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| PMID | 11302274 |
| Title | Family treatment and medication dosage reduction in schizophrenia: effects on patient social functioning, family attitudes, and burden. |
| Abstract | The effects of 2 family intervention programs (supportive family management [SFM], including monthly support groups for 2 years; or applied family management [AFM], including 1 year of behavioral family therapy plus support groups for 2 years), and 3 different neuroleptic dosage strategies (standard, low, targeted) on social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. their relatives' attitudes, and family burden were examined. AFM was associated with lower rejecting attitudes by relatives toward patients and less friction in the family perceived by patients. Patients in both AFM and SFM improved in social functioning but did not differ, whereas family burden was unchanged. Medication strategy had few effects, nor did it interact with family intervention. The addition of time-limited behavioral family therapy to monthly support groups improved family atmosphere, but did not influence patient social functioning or family burden. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |
| 2 | J. Neurosci. 2013 Nov 33: 18219-24 |
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| PMID | 24227730 |
| Title | The ?-1 receptor interacts directly with GluN1 but not GluN2A in the GluN1/GluN2A NMDA receptor. |
| Abstract | The ?-1 receptor (Sig1R) is widely expressed in the CNS, where it has a neuroprotective role in ischemia and stroke and an involvement in schizophrenia. The Sig1R interacts functionally with a variety of ion channels, including the NMDA receptor (NMDAR). Here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging to investigate the interaction between the Sig1R and the NMDAR. The Sig1R bound directly to GluN1/GluN2A NMDAR heterotetramers. Furthermore, the mean angle between pairs of bound Sig1Rs was 72°. This result suggested that the Sig1R interacts with either GluN1 or GluN2A, but not both, and supports our recent demonstration that the NMDAR subunits adopt an adjacent (i.e., 1/1/2/2) arrangement. The Sig1R could be coisolated with GluN1 but not with GluN2A, indicating that GluN1 is its specific target within the NMDAR. Consistent with this conclusion, AFM imaging of coisolated Sig1R and GluN1 revealed GluN1 dimers decorated with Sig1Rs. In situ proximity ligation assays demonstrated that the Sig1R interacts with GluN1 (but not with GluN2A) within intact cells and also that its C terminus is extracellular. We conclude that the Sig1R binds to the GluN1/GluN2A NMDAR specifically via the GluN1 subunit. This interaction likely accounts for at least some of the modulatory effects of Sig1R ligands on the NMDAR. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |
| 3 | Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013 Feb 102: 562-8 |
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| PMID | 23104026 |
| Title | Preparation and characterization of Paliperidone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. |
| Abstract | Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared and studied for the possibility of entrapment of Paliperidone (PPN) an antipsychotic drug that can be used for the treatment of schizophrenia. Here we report the preparation of Paliperidone loaded solid lipid particles (SLNs) with Capmul GMS 50 K as lipid vehicle. SLNs were stabilized by a surfactant namely sodium deoxycholate which can also act as permeability enhancer. Final size of SLNs produced were approximately 200 nm which was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SLNs appeared spherical in TEM images while dough nut like shape was observed by AFM. The entrapment efficiency of this system was found to be 55% with 4.15% of drug loading in lipid matrix. Structural characterization of SLNs by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed that, there was no interaction of PPN with lipid and PPN was well dispersed in the lipid matrix without any crystallization. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |