| 1 | Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2007 Jan 144B: 117-20 |
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| PMID | 17044098 |
| Title | IGF1, growth pathway polymorphisms and schizophrenia: a pooling study. |
| Abstract | It has been hypothesized that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and components of the growth-hormone (GH)-IGF axis may underlie reported associations of poor fetal and childhood growth with schizophrenia. We have investigated the association of schizophrenia with 16 SNPs spanning the IGF1 gene with an inter-marker distance of approximately 2-3 kb. We also examined associations with four common functional polymorphisms of genes involved in aspects of the GH-IGF system--the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), growth hormone (GH1), and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP3). The study was based on an analysis of pooled DNA samples from 648 UK and Irish cases of schizophrenia and 712 blood donor controls and of 297 Bulgarian parent offspring trios. In replicated pool analyses, none of the 16 SNPs in IGF1 nor the 4 key SNPs in the other growth pathway genes were associated with schizophrenia. SNP coverage of IGF1 was extensive, so our findings do not support a major role for IGF-I in the aetiology of schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia |
| 2 | Pharmacogenomics 2014 May 15: 951-62 |
| PMID | 24956249 |
| Title | No association between genetic or epigenetic variation in insulin growth factors and antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances in a cross-sectional sample. |
| Abstract | Second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) are known to induce metabolic disturbances. Genetic pathways, such as the IGF pathway could be associated with increased metabolic syndrome (MetS). Additionally, IGF2 methylation varies as a function of environmental influences and is associated with schizophrenia and MetS. The current study aims to evaluate whether genetic and epigenetic variation in genes of the IGF pathway are associated with metabolic disturbances in patients under treatment with SGAs. Cross-sectional metabolic data from 438 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder was analyzed. Using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX(TM) platform, 27 SNPs of the IGF1 and IGF2 genes and the IGF receptors IGF1R and IGF2R were genotyped. Methylation status of seven IGF2 CpG dinucleotides was evaluated using a Sequenom MALDI-TOF spectrometer. There was a significant association between IGF2 methylation and genotype, but no significant association between genetic or epigenetic variability and metabolic parameters in the present study. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia |
| 3 | Schizophr. Res. 2015 May 164: 100-8 |
| PMID | 25757715 |
| Title | Altered prefrontal cortical MARCKS and PPP1R9A mRNA expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. |
| Abstract | We previously observed dendritic spine loss in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects. In the current study, we sought to determine if the mRNA expression of genes known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and spines correlated with spine loss. Five candidate genes were identified using previously obtained microarray data from the DLPFC from schizophrenia and control subjects. The relative mRNA expression of the genes linked to dendritic spine growth and function, i.e. IGF1R, MARCKS, PPP1R9A, PTPRF, and ARHGEF2, was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the DLPFC from a second cohort including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and control subjects. Functional pathway analysis was conducted to determine which actin cytoskeleton-regulatory pathways the genes of interest interact with. MARCKS mRNA expression was increased in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects. PPP1R9A mRNA expression was increased in bipolar disorder subjects. For IGF1R, mRNA expression did not differ significantly among groups; however, it did show a significant, negative correlation with dendrite length. MARCKS and PPP1R9A mRNA expression did not correlate with spine loss, but they interact with NMDA receptor signaling pathways that regulate the actin cytoskeleton and spines. MARCKS and PPP1R9A might contribute to spine loss in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through their interactions, possibly indirect ones, with NMDA signaling pathways that regulate spine structure and function. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia |