| 1 | Biol. Psychiatry 2010 Feb 67: 263-9 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 19850283 |
| Title | Identification of novel candidate genes for treatment response to risperidone and susceptibility for schizophrenia: integrated analysis among pharmacogenomics, mouse expression, and genetic case-control association approaches. |
| Abstract | Pharmacogenomic approaches based on genomewide sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are now feasible and offer the potential to uncover variants that influence drug response. To detect potential predictor gene variants for risperidone response in schizophrenic subjects, we performed a convergent analysis based on 1) a genomewide (100K SNP) SNP pharmacogenetic study of risperidone response and 2) a global transcriptome study of genes with mRNA levels influenced by risperidone exposure in mouse prefrontal cortex. Fourteen genes were highlighted as of potential relevance to risperidone activity in both studies: ATP2B2, HS3ST2, UNC5C, BAG3, PDE7B, PAICS, PTGFRN, NR3C2, ZBTB20, ST6GAL2, PIP5K1B, EPHA6, KCNH5, and AJAP1. The SNPs related to these genes that were associated in the pharmacogenetic study were further assessed for evidence for association with schizophrenia in up to three case-control series comprising 1564 cases and 3862 controls in total (Japanese [JPN] 1st and 2nd samples and UK sample). Of 14 SNPs tested, one (rs9389370) in PDE7B showed significant evidence for association with schizophrenia in a discovery sample (p(allele) = .026 in JPN_1st, two-tailed). This finding replicated in a joint analysis of two independent case-control samples (p(JPN_2nd+UK) = .008, one-tailed, uncorrected) and in all combined data sets (p(all) = .0014, two-tailed, uncorrected and p(all) = .018, two-tailed, Bonferroni correction). We identified novel candidate genes for treatment response to risperidone and provide evidence that one of these additionally may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia. Specifically, PDE7B is an attractive candidate gene, although evidence from integrated methodology, including pharmacogenomics, pharmacotranscriptomic, and case-control association approaches. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |
| 2 | Biol. Psychiatry 2010 Feb 67: 263-9 |
| PMID | 19850283 |
| Title | Identification of novel candidate genes for treatment response to risperidone and susceptibility for schizophrenia: integrated analysis among pharmacogenomics, mouse expression, and genetic case-control association approaches. |
| Abstract | Pharmacogenomic approaches based on genomewide sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are now feasible and offer the potential to uncover variants that influence drug response. To detect potential predictor gene variants for risperidone response in schizophrenic subjects, we performed a convergent analysis based on 1) a genomewide (100K SNP) SNP pharmacogenetic study of risperidone response and 2) a global transcriptome study of genes with mRNA levels influenced by risperidone exposure in mouse prefrontal cortex. Fourteen genes were highlighted as of potential relevance to risperidone activity in both studies: ATP2B2, HS3ST2, UNC5C, BAG3, PDE7B, PAICS, PTGFRN, NR3C2, ZBTB20, ST6GAL2, PIP5K1B, EPHA6, KCNH5, and AJAP1. The SNPs related to these genes that were associated in the pharmacogenetic study were further assessed for evidence for association with schizophrenia in up to three case-control series comprising 1564 cases and 3862 controls in total (Japanese [JPN] 1st and 2nd samples and UK sample). Of 14 SNPs tested, one (rs9389370) in PDE7B showed significant evidence for association with schizophrenia in a discovery sample (p(allele) = .026 in JPN_1st, two-tailed). This finding replicated in a joint analysis of two independent case-control samples (p(JPN_2nd+UK) = .008, one-tailed, uncorrected) and in all combined data sets (p(all) = .0014, two-tailed, uncorrected and p(all) = .018, two-tailed, Bonferroni correction). We identified novel candidate genes for treatment response to risperidone and provide evidence that one of these additionally may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia. Specifically, PDE7B is an attractive candidate gene, although evidence from integrated methodology, including pharmacogenomics, pharmacotranscriptomic, and case-control association approaches. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |
| 3 | J Psychiatr Res 2012 Nov 46: 1464-74 |
| PMID | 22954356 |
| Title | A combined analysis of microarray gene expression studies of the human prefrontal cortex identifies genes implicated in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | Small cohort sizes and modest levels of gene expression changes in brain tissue have plagued the statistical approaches employed in microarray studies investigating the mechanism of schizophrenia. To combat these problems a combined analysis of six prior microarray studies was performed to facilitate the robust statistical analysis of gene expression data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 107 patients with schizophrenia and 118 healthy subjects. Multivariate permutation tests identified 144 genes that were differentially expressed between schizophrenia and control groups. Seventy of these genes were identified as differentially expressed in at least one component microarray study but none of these individual studies had the power to identify the remaining 74 genes, demonstrating the utility of a combined approach. Gene ontology terms and biological pathways that were significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes were related to neuronal cell-cell signaling, mesenchymal induction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, which have all previously been associated with the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. The differential expression of BAG3, C4B, EGR1, MT1X, NEUROD6, SST and S100A8 was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR in an independent cohort using postmortem human prefrontal cortex samples. Comparison of gene expression between schizophrenic subjects with and without detectable levels of antipsychotics in their blood suggests that the modulation of MT1X and S100A8 may be the result of drug exposure. In conclusion, this combined analysis has resulted in a statistically robust identification of genes whose dysregulation may contribute to the mechanism of schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |
| 4 | J Psychiatr Res 2012 Nov 46: 1464-74 |
| PMID | 22954356 |
| Title | A combined analysis of microarray gene expression studies of the human prefrontal cortex identifies genes implicated in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | Small cohort sizes and modest levels of gene expression changes in brain tissue have plagued the statistical approaches employed in microarray studies investigating the mechanism of schizophrenia. To combat these problems a combined analysis of six prior microarray studies was performed to facilitate the robust statistical analysis of gene expression data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 107 patients with schizophrenia and 118 healthy subjects. Multivariate permutation tests identified 144 genes that were differentially expressed between schizophrenia and control groups. Seventy of these genes were identified as differentially expressed in at least one component microarray study but none of these individual studies had the power to identify the remaining 74 genes, demonstrating the utility of a combined approach. Gene ontology terms and biological pathways that were significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes were related to neuronal cell-cell signaling, mesenchymal induction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, which have all previously been associated with the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. The differential expression of BAG3, C4B, EGR1, MT1X, NEUROD6, SST and S100A8 was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR in an independent cohort using postmortem human prefrontal cortex samples. Comparison of gene expression between schizophrenic subjects with and without detectable levels of antipsychotics in their blood suggests that the modulation of MT1X and S100A8 may be the result of drug exposure. In conclusion, this combined analysis has resulted in a statistically robust identification of genes whose dysregulation may contribute to the mechanism of schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic |