Literature Search Results for Gene KALRN

KALRN
1
Biochemistry 2012 Jul 51: 5663-73
PMID22738176
TitleStructural organization of the nine spectrin repeats of Kalirin.
AbstractSequence analysis suggests that KALRN, a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor genetically linked to schizophrenia, could contain as many as nine tandem spectrin repeats (SRs). We expressed and purified fragments of Kalirin containing from one to five putative SRs to determine whether they formed nested structures that could endow Kalirin with the flexible rodlike properties characteristic of spectrin and dystrophin. Far-UV circular dichroism studies indicated that Kalirin contains nine SRs. On the basis of thermal denaturation, sensitivity to chemical denaturants, and the solubility of pairs of repeats, the nine SRs of Kalirin form nested structures. Modeling studies confirmed this conclusion and identified an exposed loop in SR5; consistent with the modeling, this loop was extremely labile to proteolytic cleavage. Analysis of a direpeat fragment (SR4:5) encompassing the region of Kalirin known to interact with NOS2, DISC-1, PAM, and Arf6 identified this as the least stable region. Analytical ultracentrifugation indicated that SR1:3, SR4:6, and SR7:9 were monomers and adopted an extended conformation. Gel filtration suggested that ?Kal7, a natural isoform that includes SR5:9, was monomeric and was not more extended than SR5:9. Similarly, the nine SRs of Kal7, which was also monomeric, were not more extended than SR5:9. The rigidity and flexibility of the nine SRs of Kal7, which separate its essential N-terminal Sec14p domain from its catalytic domain, play an essential role in its contribution to the formation and function of dendritic spines.
SCZ Keywordsschizophrenia,schizophrenic
2
Schizophr Bull 2012 May 38: 552-60
PMID21041834
TitleResequencing and association analysis of the KALRN and EPHB1 genes and their contribution to schizophrenia susceptibility.
AbstractOur genome-wide association study of schizophrenia found association signals at the Kalirin gene (KALRN) and EPH receptor B1 gene (EPHB1) in a Japanese population. The importance of these synaptogenic pathway genes in schizophrenia is gaining independent supports. Although there has been growing interest in rare (<1%) missense mutations as potential contributors to the unexplained heritability of schizophrenia, there are no population-based studies targeting rare (<1%) coding mutations with a larger effect size (eg, OR >1.5) in KALRN or EPHB1.
The present study design consisted of 3 phases. At the discovery phase, we conducted resequencing analyses for all exon regions of KALRN and EPHB1 using a DNA microarray-based method. Seventeen rare (<1%) missense mutations were discovered in the first sample set (320 schizophrenic patients). After the prioritization phase based on frequencies in the second sample set (729 cases and 562 controls), we performed association analyses for each selected mutation using the third sample set (1511 cases and 1517 controls), along with a combined association analysis across all selected mutations. In KALRN, we detected a significant association between schizophrenia and P2255T (OR = 2.09, corrected P = .048, 1 tailed); this was supported in the combined association analysis (OR = 2.07, corrected P = .006, 1 tailed). We found no evidence of association of EPHB1 with schizophrenia. In silico analysis indicated the functional relevance of these rare missense mutations.
We provide evidence that multiple rare (<1%) missense mutations in KALRN may be genetic risk factors for schizophrenia.
SCZ Keywordsschizophrenia,schizophrenic
3
Mol. Psychiatry 2012 Jan 17: 1, 99-107
PMID21483438
TitleControl of interneuron dendritic growth through NRG1/erbB4-mediated kalirin-7 disinhibition.
AbstractNeuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a secreted trophic factor that activates the postsynaptic erbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Both NRG1 and erbB4 have been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia, but their downstream targets are not well characterized. ErbB4 is highly abundant in interneurons, and NRG1-mediated erbB4 activation has been shown to modulate interneuron function, but the role for NRG1-erbB4 signaling in regulating interneuron dendritic growth is not well understood. Here we show that NRG1/erbB4 promote the growth of dendrites in mature interneurons through kalirin, a major dendritic Rac1-GEF. Recent studies have shown associations of the KALRN gene with schizophrenia. Our data point to an essential role of phosphorylation in kalirin-7's C terminus as the critical site for these effects. As reduced interneuron dendrite length occurs in schizophrenia, understanding how NRG1-erbB4 signaling modulates interneuron dendritic morphogenesis might shed light on disease-related alterations in cortical circuits.
SCZ Keywordsschizophrenia,schizophrenic
4
Schizophr Bull 2012 May 38: 552-60
PMID21041834
TitleResequencing and association analysis of the KALRN and EPHB1 genes and their contribution to schizophrenia susceptibility.
AbstractOur genome-wide association study of schizophrenia found association signals at the Kalirin gene (KALRN) and EPH receptor B1 gene (EPHB1) in a Japanese population. The importance of these synaptogenic pathway genes in schizophrenia is gaining independent supports. Although there has been growing interest in rare (<1%) missense mutations as potential contributors to the unexplained heritability of schizophrenia, there are no population-based studies targeting rare (<1%) coding mutations with a larger effect size (eg, OR >1.5) in KALRN or EPHB1.
The present study design consisted of 3 phases. At the discovery phase, we conducted resequencing analyses for all exon regions of KALRN and EPHB1 using a DNA microarray-based method. Seventeen rare (<1%) missense mutations were discovered in the first sample set (320 schizophrenic patients). After the prioritization phase based on frequencies in the second sample set (729 cases and 562 controls), we performed association analyses for each selected mutation using the third sample set (1511 cases and 1517 controls), along with a combined association analysis across all selected mutations. In KALRN, we detected a significant association between schizophrenia and P2255T (OR = 2.09, corrected P = .048, 1 tailed); this was supported in the combined association analysis (OR = 2.07, corrected P = .006, 1 tailed). We found no evidence of association of EPHB1 with schizophrenia. In silico analysis indicated the functional relevance of these rare missense mutations.
We provide evidence that multiple rare (<1%) missense mutations in KALRN may be genetic risk factors for schizophrenia.
SCZ Keywordsschizophrenia,schizophrenic
5
Nat Commun 2014 -1 5: 4858
PMID25224588
TitleA sequence variant in human KALRN impairs protein function and coincides with reduced cortical thickness.
AbstractDendritic spine pathology is a key feature of several neuropsychiatric disorders. The Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor kalirin-7 is critical for spine morphogenesis on cortical pyramidal neurons. Here we identify a rare coding variant in the KALRN gene region that encodes the catalytic domain, in a schizophrenia patient and his sibling with major depressive disorder. The D1338N substitution significantly diminished the protein's ability to catalyse the activation of Rac1. Contrary to wild-type kalirin-7, kalirin-7-D1338N failed to increase spine size and density. Both subjects carrying the polymorphism displayed reduced cortical volume in the superior temporal sulcus (STS), a region implicated in schizophrenia. Consistent with this, mice with reduced kalirin expression showed reduced neuropil volume in the rodent homologue of the STS. These data suggest that single amino acid changes in proteins involved in dendritic spine function can have significant effects on the structure and function of the cerebral cortex.
SCZ Keywordsschizophrenia,schizophrenic


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