Gene: DNAJB4

11080
DNAJW|DjB4|HLJ1
DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B4
protein-coding
1p31.1
Ensembl:ENSG00000162616 MIM:611327 Vega:OTTHUMG00000040905 UniprotKB:Q9UDY4
NC_000001.11
PubMed
ND
1   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
9.984e-1 (AD)  2.352e-2 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
CHORDC10.851
CCDC1170.841
HSPD10.837
JMJD60.813
DNAJB10.803
FKBP40.802
HSP90AA10.79
HSPH10.785
PAPOLA0.781
STIP10.78

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
OR4F5-0.434
OR4F29-0.415
PRR22-0.309
MYLK2-0.307
PRSS27-0.294
SLC38A5-0.272
REM1-0.271
INHA-0.27
C12orf54-0.268
ZSCAN1-0.267

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C0394111,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane"1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"23999411|2796514
C4030081,4-dihydroquinone"1,4-dihydroquinone results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"27965148
C1187011-bromohexane1-bromohexane results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C0297902,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl"2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"23829299
C0192732,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane"2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"27965148
C0164032,4-dinitrotoluene"2,4-dinitrotoluene affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"21346803
C0112692,5-hexanedione"2,5-hexanedione results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"22952946
C0235142,6-dinitrotoluene"2,6-dinitrotoluene affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"21346803
C0127962-butenal2-butenal results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20471460
C0367582-ethylhexyl acrylate2-ethylhexyl acrylate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C0033903,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide"3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"27965148
C0095054,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane"4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"18648102
C517041(4-amino-1,4-dihydro-3-(2-pyridyl)-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole)copper(II)"(4-amino-1,4-dihydro-3-(2-pyridyl)-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole)copper(II) results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"19561079
C0275764-hydroxy-2-nonenal4-hydroxy-2-nonenal results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19191707
C0275634-nitrobenzyl bromide4-nitrobenzyl bromide results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411
C0297284-phenylenediamine4-phenylenediamine results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
C023710abietic acidabietic acid results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
D000082AcetaminophenAcetaminophen results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21420995|2223033
D000082AcetaminophenAcetaminophen affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17562736
D000082AcetaminophenMAP3K5 protein affects the reaction [Acetaminophen results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]18700144
D000111AcetylcysteineAcetylcysteine inhibits the reaction [elesclomol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]18723479
D016604Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1 affects the expression of DNAJB4 protein20106945
D000393Air PollutantsAir Pollutants analog results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21757418
C496116alpha-damasconealpha-damascone results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C006632arsenic trioxidearsenic trioxide results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA15761015|1941714
C017037aurinaurin results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA25477506
C030935benz(a)anthracene[Benzo(a)pyrene co-treated with benz(a)anthracene co-treated with benzo(b)fluoranthene co-treated with chrysene] results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27858113
D001554BenzeneBenzene results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21843810
C006703benzo(b)fluoranthene[Benzo(a)pyrene co-treated with benz(a)anthracene co-treated with benzo(b)fluoranthene co-treated with chrysene] results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27858113
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21714911
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene metabolite results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20064835|2010694
D001564Benzo(a)pyrene[Benzo(a)pyrene co-treated with benz(a)anthracene co-treated with benzo(b)fluoranthene co-treated with chrysene] results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27858113
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21569818|2222880
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20106945
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA29275510
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased methylation of DNAJB4 promoter27312807
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA25181051
D020122tert-Butylhydroperoxidetert-Butylhydroperoxide results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA15336504
D002104CadmiumCadmium results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21120746
C005563captaxcaptax results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
D002220CarbamazepineCarbamazepine affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24752500
D012721CarbarylCarbaryl results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27829164
D020111Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine)Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23650126
C100187chloropicrinchloropicrin results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA26352163
C031180chrysene[Benzo(a)pyrene co-treated with benz(a)anthracene co-treated with benzo(b)fluoranthene co-treated with chrysene] results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27858113
C012843cinnamic aldehydecinnamic aldehyde results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
C020722cinnamyl alcoholcinnamyl alcohol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411
C007076citralcitral results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
D002994ClofibrateClofibrate results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17585979
D003022ClotrimazoleClotrimazole results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
D003035Cobalt[tungsten carbide co-treated with Cobalt] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23052192
C018021cobaltous chloridecobaltous chloride results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19320972|1937684
D003300Copper[NSC 689534 binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20971185
D003300Copper[Organoselenium Compounds binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA25167922
D019327Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19549813
D003520CyclophosphamideCyclophosphamide metabolite results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
D016572CyclosporineCyclosporine results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27989131
D016572CyclosporineCyclosporine results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20106945|2163298
D016572CyclosporineCyclosporine results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19770486
C515055darinaparsindarinaparsin results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19417148
D003976DiazinonDiazinon results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
C020735dibutyldichlorotindibutyldichlorotin results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
D003993Dibutyl PhthalateDibutyl Phthalate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21266533
D002945CisplatinCisplatin results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19561079
D004008DiclofenacDiclofenac affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24752500
C000944dicrotophosdicrotophos results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA28302478
D004051Diethylhexyl PhthalateDiethylhexyl Phthalate results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21318169
D004137DinitrochlorobenzeneDinitrochlorobenzene results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
D004137DinitrochlorobenzeneNFE2L2 protein affects the reaction [Dinitrochlorobenzene results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]27965148
D004139DinitrofluorobenzeneDinitrofluorobenzene results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411
D007851DodecanolDodecanol analog results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C512195elesclomolAcetylcysteine inhibits the reaction [elesclomol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]18723479
C512195elesclomolelesclomol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA18723479
C044101endotoxin, Escherichia coli"endotoxin, Escherichia coli results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"15919760
C045651epigallocatechin gallate[potassium chromate(VI) co-treated with epigallocatechin gallate] results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA22079256
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17555576
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17942748
D004997Ethinyl Estradiol[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17942748
D005020Ethyl MethanesulfonateEthyl Methanesulfonate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23649840
D005054EugenolEugenol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
D005204FarnesolFarnesol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
D011345FenofibrateFenofibrate results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21318169
D011345FenofibratePPARA protein affects the reaction [Fenofibrate results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]21318169
D005557FormaldehydeFormaldehyde results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20655997|2364984
C039281furanfuran results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24183702
C106014geduningedunin results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17010675
D006037GlyoxalGlyoxal results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
C526485hexyl salicylatehexyl salicylate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C036643isoeugenolisoeugenol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
C544151jinfukangjinfukang results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27392435
C561695(+)-JQ1 compound(+)-JQ1 compound results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA22904298
C410337K 7174K 7174 results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24086573
C008259lauryl gallatelauryl gallate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
D001556LindaneLindane results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
D008070LipopolysaccharidesLipopolysaccharides results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA15919760
D008627Mercuric ChlorideMercuric Chloride results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16507785
D008694Methamphetamine[Methamphetamine co-treated with SCH 23390] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19564919
D008694MethamphetamineMethamphetamine results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19564919
C004925methylmercuric chloridemethylmercuric chloride results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA28001369
D008741Methyl MethanesulfonateMethyl Methanesulfonate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23649840
C406082monomethylarsonous acidmonomethylarsonous acid results in increased expression of DNAJB4 protein24625837
C437683motexafin gadoliniummotexafin gadolinium results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16357179
C437683motexafin gadolinium[Zinc Acetate co-treated with motexafin gadolinium] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16357179
D009151Mustard GasMustard Gas affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA15651846
C583365N-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide"N-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"29244179
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"17450800
D0150581-Naphthylisothiocyanate1-Naphthylisothiocyanate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20551477
C017096n-butoxyethanoln-butoxyethanol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19812364
C022838nickel chloridenickel chloride results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17312168
D009534NiclosamideNiclosamide results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA26452273
C014112N-methyl-4-aminophenolN-methyl-4-aminophenol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C570897NSC668394NSC668394 results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27137931
C558013NSC 689534[NSC 689534 binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20971185
C558013NSC 689534NSC 689534 results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20971185
C025589ochratoxin Aochratoxin A metabolite results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
C025589ochratoxin Aochratoxin A results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA24356939
D016566Organoselenium Compounds[Organoselenium Compounds binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA25167922
D010081OxazoloneOxazolone results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411
C472349oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholineoxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17655762
C472349oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholineoxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine promotes the reaction [Particulate Matter affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
C472349oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholineoxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine promotes the reaction [Vehicle Emissions affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
C472349oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholineParticulate Matter promotes the reaction [oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
C472349oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholineVehicle Emissions promotes the reaction [oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
D010126OzoneOzone results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21543283
D052638Particulate Matteroxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine promotes the reaction [Particulate Matter affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
D052638Particulate MatterParticulate Matter affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17655762
D052638Particulate MatterParticulate Matter promotes the reaction [oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
C568608PCI 5002[PCI 5002 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA18593933
D010416PentachlorophenolPentachlorophenol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA18486366
D010426Pentosan Sulfuric PolyesterPentosan Sulfuric Polyester results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA28973697
D010634PhenobarbitalPhenobarbital results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19270015
D010695PhlorhizinPhlorhizin results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA22538082
C006253pirinixic acidpirinixic acid results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21318169
C006253pirinixic acidPPARA protein affects the reaction [pirinixic acid results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]21318169
D010938Plant OilsPlant Oils results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23370395
D011078Polychlorinated BiphenylsPolychlorinated Biphenyls affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21334430
C027373potassium chromate(VI)[potassium chromate(VI) co-treated with epigallocatechin gallate] results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA22079256
C027373potassium chromate(VI)potassium chromate(VI) results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA22079256
C045950propiconazolepropiconazole results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19363144|2127805
C010423pyrithione zincpyrithione zinc results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21424779
D011794QuercetinQuercetin results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA21632981
D020849Raloxifene HydrochlorideRaloxifene Hydrochloride results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16497877
C031389resorcinolresorcinol results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
C534628SCH 23390[Methamphetamine co-treated with SCH 23390] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19564919
D012643SeleniumSelenium results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19244175
D012822Silicon DioxideSilicon Dioxide results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA25351596
D012834SilverSilver results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA26014281|2895954
C017947sodium arsenitesodium arsenite results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA12634122|2451658
D012967Sodium Dodecyl SulfateSodium Dodecyl Sulfate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411
D013629TamoxifenTamoxifen affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17555576
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17942748
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with TIPARP gene mutant form] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA25975270
D013792ThalidomideThalidomide analog results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA20525221
D013849ThimerosalThimerosal results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16870260
D013883ThiostreptonThiostrepton results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA22321511
D013893ThiramThiram results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23999411|2796514
D014028Tobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke Pollution affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27865774
D014028Tobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke Pollution results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27404394|2806579
C032910triadimefontriadimefon results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19363144
C050414tripterinetripterine results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17010675
C016805tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate"tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA"26179874
C057693troglitazonetroglitazone results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19631733
C057693troglitazonetroglitazone results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19631733
C002802tungsten carbide[tungsten carbide co-treated with Cobalt] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23052192
C479548undecanalundecanal analog results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27965148
D014520UrethaneUrethane results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA28818685
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA23179753
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased methylation of DNAJB4 gene29154799
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19136453|2054688
D001335Vehicle Emissionsoxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine promotes the reaction [Vehicle Emissions affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA17655762
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions promotes the reaction [oxidized-L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine affects the expression of DNAJB4 mRNA]17655762
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions affects the methylation of DNAJB4 gene25560391
D014810Vitamin EVitamin E results in decreased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA19244175
C111237vorinostatvorinostat results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA27188386
D015032Zinc[PCI 5002 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA18593933
D019345Zinc Acetate[Zinc Acetate co-treated with motexafin gadolinium] results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16357179
D019345Zinc AcetateZinc Acetate results in increased expression of DNAJB4 mRNA16357179

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0001671ATPase activator activity-IDA24318877  
GO:0005515protein binding-IPI21255413  
GO:0051082unfolded protein binding-IBA21873635  
GO:0051082unfolded protein binding-IEA-  
GO:0051087chaperone binding-IBA21873635  
GO:0051087chaperone binding-IPI21231916  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0000122negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II-IBA21873635  
GO:0006457protein folding-IEA-  
GO:0006986response to unfolded protein-TAS9546042  
GO:0009408response to heat-TAS9546042  
GO:0032781positive regulation of ATPase activity-IEA-  
GO:0051085chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding-IBA21873635  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005654nucleoplasm-IDA-  
GO:0005829cytosol-IBA21873635  
GO:0005829cytosol-IDA21231916  
GO:0005886plasma membrane-IDA-  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
24550170Smoking induces transcription of the heat shock protein system in the joints. (2014 Jul)Ospelt CAnn Rheum Dis