Gene: CS

1431
-
citrate synthase
protein-coding
12q13.3
Ensembl:ENSG00000062485 MIM:118950 Vega:OTTHUMG00000170344 UniprotKB:O75390
NC_000012.12
PubMed
CD|OD|ND|AD
330   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
6.902e-1 (AD)  9.518e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
APLP20.965
SRP680.961
AP2B10.959
UQCRC20.957
KDM1A0.957
PSMD20.955
PKM0.954
MICU10.953
UBE2V10.953
GPI0.952

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
OR4F5-0.767
OR4F29-0.717
SH2D1A-0.339
CTNNA3-0.316
TFPI2-0.311
KLRB1-0.31
KLF17-0.299
RAI14-0.291
ANXA13-0.284
TNFRSF13B-0.281

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C0423754-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium"4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium results in decreased activity of CS protein"27491814
C516138(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine"(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine results in decreased activity of CS protein"27491814
C0106436-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid"6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]"27385396
D000111AcetylcysteineAcetylcysteine promotes the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]27385396
D000111AcetylcysteineAcetylcysteine inhibits the reaction [Atorvastatin Calcium results in increased expression of CS mRNA]21775390
C027696acipimoxacipimox results in increased expression of CS mRNA25352640
D000171AcroleinAcrolein binds to CS protein17023561
D016604Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1 results in decreased methylation of CS gene27153756
D016604Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1 results in decreased expression of CS mRNA19770486
C104223aluminum lactatealuminum lactate results in decreased activity of CS protein24084166|2649315
C104223aluminum lactateQuercetin inhibits the reaction [aluminum lactate results in decreased activity of CS protein]26493151
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of CS mRNA16483693
D001151ArsenicArsenic results in increased expression of CS protein19818359
D001205Ascorbic AcidAscorbic Acid inhibits the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]27385396
D000069059Atorvastatin CalciumAcetylcysteine inhibits the reaction [Atorvastatin Calcium results in increased expression of CS mRNA]21775390
D000069059Atorvastatin CalciumAtorvastatin Calcium results in increased expression of CS mRNA21775390
D001280AtrazineAtrazine results in increased expression of CS mRNA22982499
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in decreased activity of CS protein29145655
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of CS mRNA22228805
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased expression of CS protein28273538
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased expression of CS mRNA21932408
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of CS mRNA23328667
C013418bromfenacoumbromfenacoum results in increased expression of CS protein28903499
D019256Cadmium ChlorideCadmium Chloride affects the activity of CS protein24874008
D019256Cadmium ChlorideCadmium Chloride results in decreased expression of CS protein22941245
D019256Cadmium ChlorideCadmium Chloride results in increased expression of CS protein24527689
D019256Cadmium ChlorideCadmium Chloride results in increased expression of CS mRNA23741332
D019256Cadmium ChlorideCadmium Chloride results in increased expression of CS mRNA26352046
D019256Cadmium ChlorideCadmium Chloride results in increased methylation of CS promoter22457795
C055494caffeic acid phenethyl ester[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased activity of CS protein28223344
C055494caffeic acid phenethyl ester[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased expression of CS mRNA28223344
C055494caffeic acid phenethyl esterNR1H4 protein affects the reaction [[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased activity of CS protein]28223344
C055494caffeic acid phenethyl esterNR1H4 protein affects the reaction [[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased expression of CS mRNA]28223344
C100435chicoric acidchicoric acid results in increased activity of CS protein24244361
D002784Cholesterol[lard co-treated with Cholesterol co-treated with Sucrose] results in increased expression of CS mRNA24440342
D002995Clofibric AcidClofibric Acid affects the expression of CS mRNA17602206
C018021cobaltous chloridecobaltous chloride results in decreased expression of CS mRNA19320972
C018021cobaltous chloridecobaltous chloride results in increased activity of CS protein22982409
C018021cobaltous chloridecobaltous chloride results in increased expression of CS mRNA22982409
D003474CurcuminCurcumin affects the expression of CS mRNA18539377
D003513CycloheximideCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Thyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]]12658717
D016572CyclosporineCyclosporine results in increased expression of CS mRNA19770486
D003609DactinomycinDactinomycin inhibits the reaction [Thyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]]12658717
D003609DactinomycinDactinomycin promotes the reaction [Endosulfan results in decreased activity of CS protein]15202864
D003907DexamethasoneDexamethasone results in increased expression of CS mRNA25047013
D002945CisplatinCisplatin results in decreased expression of CS mRNA27594783
C000944dicrotophosdicrotophos results in increased expression of CS mRNA28302478
D004041Dietary Fats[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased activity of CS protein28223344
D004041Dietary Fats[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased expression of CS mRNA28223344
D004041Dietary Fats[N-palmitoylsphingosine co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in decreased activity of CS protein28223344
D004041Dietary FatsNR1H4 protein affects the reaction [[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased activity of CS protein]28223344
D004041Dietary FatsNR1H4 protein affects the reaction [[caffeic acid phenethyl ester co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in increased expression of CS mRNA]28223344
D004041Dietary Fatstauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the reaction [[N-palmitoylsphingosine co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in decreased activity of CS protein]28223344
D004126DimethylformamideDimethylformamide results in increased expression of CS mRNA22169935
D004121Dimethyl SulfoxideDimethyl Sulfoxide results in increased expression of CS mRNA22169935
D004121Dimethyl SulfoxideDimethyl Sulfoxide inhibits the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]27385396
D004298DopamineDopamine results in increased expression of CS protein24675778
D004317DoxorubicinDoxorubicin results in decreased expression of CS protein28456571
D004317DoxorubicinErythropoietin inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of CS protein]28456571
D004317DoxorubicinDoxorubicin results in decreased expression of CS mRNA26873546
D004317DoxorubicinDoxorubicin results in increased activity of CS protein14568902
C042986ebselenebselen inhibits the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]27385396
D004726EndosulfanDactinomycin promotes the reaction [Endosulfan results in decreased activity of CS protein]15202864
D004726EndosulfanEndosulfan results in decreased activity of CS protein15202864
D004726EndosulfanEndosulfan results in decreased expression of CS mRNA15202864
D004726EndosulfanEndosulfan results in decreased expression of CS protein15202864
D004785Environmental PollutantsEnvironmental Pollutants results in decreased expression of CS mRNA20064776
D004791Enzyme Inhibitors[Enzyme Inhibitors results in decreased activity of OGA protein] which results in increased O-linked glycosylation of CS protein23301498
D004917ErythromycinErythromycin results in increased expression of CS mRNA27503388
D004917Erythromycin[Penicillin G co-treated with Erythromycin] results in increased expression of CS mRNA27503388
D004921ErythropoietinErythropoietin inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of CS protein]28456571
D004967EstrogensEstrogens results in decreased activity of CS protein11857771
D004967EstrogensEstrogens results in increased activity of CS protein15994367
D000431EthanolEthanol promotes the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]27385396
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of CS mRNA17555576
D004997Ethinyl Estradiol[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of CS mRNA17942748
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of CS mRNA17557909
C017690fenvaleratefenvalerate results in decreased activity of CS protein15313449
D018120FinasterideFinasteride results in increased expression of CS mRNA24136188
D005485FlutamideFlutamide results in increased expression of CS mRNA24136188
D005839GentamicinsGentamicins results in decreased expression of CS mRNA22061828
D005839GentamicinsGentamicins results in increased expression of CS mRNA22061828
D006861Hydrogen PeroxideHydrogen Peroxide results in decreased expression of CS mRNA24349266
D007545IsoproterenolIsoproterenol results in decreased activity of CS protein27491814
C029310lard[lard co-treated with Cholesterol co-treated with Sucrose] results in increased expression of CS mRNA24440342
C052901lemongrass oillemongrass oil affects the expression of CS mRNA25976427
C482199lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5"lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5 results in decreased activity of CS protein"24041027
C482199lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5"resveratrol inhibits the reaction [lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5 results in decreased activity of CS protein]"24041027
C097284manganese(III)-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrinmanganese(III)-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin inhibits the reaction [FMR1 5' UTR mutant form results in decreased activity of CS protein]27385396
D008694MethamphetamineMethamphetamine results in increased expression of CS mRNA19149911
C004925methylmercuric chloridemethylmercuric chloride results in decreased expression of CS mRNA29104120
D0156551-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium results in decreased expression of CS protein24675778
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon analog results in decreased expression of CS mRNA"25620056
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon results in decreased expression of CS mRNA"25620056
D009573Nitrites[Nitrites co-treated with Oxygen deficiency] results in increased activity of CS protein22892143
C014707nitrosobenzylmethylaminenitrosobenzylmethylamine results in increased expression of CS mRNA17616710
C097760N-palmitoylsphingosine[N-palmitoylsphingosine co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in decreased activity of CS protein28223344
C097760N-palmitoylsphingosineN-palmitoylsphingosine results in decreased expression of CS mRNA28223344
C097760N-palmitoylsphingosinetauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the reaction [[N-palmitoylsphingosine co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in decreased activity of CS protein]28223344
C097760N-palmitoylsphingosinetauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the reaction [N-palmitoylsphingosine results in decreased expression of CS mRNA]28223344
C025589ochratoxin Aochratoxin A results in decreased expression of CS protein26861962
D010100OxygenOxygen deficiency affects the expression of CS protein19579223
D010100OxygenOxygen deficiency affects the methylation of CS promoter24205000
D010100OxygenOxygen deficiency results in increased expression of CS mRNA24205000
D010100Oxygen[Nitrites co-treated with Oxygen deficiency] results in increased activity of CS protein22892143
D010400Penicillin G[Penicillin G co-treated with Erythromycin] results in increased expression of CS mRNA27503388
D010400Penicillin GPenicillin G results in increased expression of CS mRNA27503388
C086401pentabromodiphenyl etherpentabromodiphenyl ether results in increased expression of CS mRNA23948077
C076994perfluorooctane sulfonic acidperfluorooctane sulfonic acid results in decreased expression of CS protein19474218
C023036perfluorooctanoic acidperfluorooctanoic acid results in increased expression of CS protein26879310
C023036perfluorooctanoic acidperfluorooctanoic acid results in increased expression of CS mRNA28947262
D010634PhenobarbitalPhenobarbital affects the expression of CS mRNA23091169
D010695PhlorhizinPhlorhizin results in decreased expression of CS mRNA22538082
C006253pirinixic acidpirinixic acid results in increased expression of CS mRNA18301758|1844570
D011794QuercetinQuercetin inhibits the reaction [aluminum lactate results in decreased activity of CS protein]26493151
D011794QuercetinQuercetin results in decreased expression of CS protein18095365
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [GBA protein mutant form results in decreased expression of CS protein]26027833
C059514resveratrolresveratrol results in increased activity of CS protein23536519
C059514resveratrol"resveratrol inhibits the reaction [lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5 results in decreased activity of CS protein]"24041027
C059514resveratrolresveratrol results in increased expression of CS protein25505154
C059514resveratrolresveratrol results in increased expression of CS mRNA21715682
C089730rosiglitazonerosiglitazone affects the expression of CS mRNA22013433
C089730rosiglitazonerosiglitazone results in increased expression of CS mRNA15520860|1724559
C089730rosiglitazonerosiglitazone results in increased expression of CS mRNA19201733
C541923sandostatinLARsandostatinLAR results in decreased expression of CS mRNA17210224
D012645SelenomethionineSelenomethionine results in increased expression of CS mRNA23399444|2896252
D012969Sodium FluorideSodium Fluoride results in decreased expression of CS protein27548804
D012969Sodium FluorideSodium Fluoride results in increased expression of CS protein27548804|2891852
D010042OuabainOuabain results in decreased activity of CS protein20372980
D013395Sucrose[lard co-treated with Cholesterol co-treated with Sucrose] results in increased expression of CS mRNA24440342
C031655tauroursodeoxycholic acidtauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the reaction [[N-palmitoylsphingosine co-treated with Dietary Fats] results in decreased activity of CS protein]28223344
C031655tauroursodeoxycholic acidtauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits the reaction [N-palmitoylsphingosine results in decreased expression of CS mRNA]28223344
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in decreased expression of CS mRNA11489354
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxin affects the expression of CS mRNA21570461
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with AHR gene mutant form] results in decreased expression of CS mRNA19465110
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of CS mRNA17942748
D019284ThapsigarginThapsigargin results in decreased expression of CS mRNA28223344
D013849ThimerosalThimerosal results in decreased expression of CS mRNA27188386
D013890ThioureaCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Thyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]]12658717
D013890ThioureaDactinomycin inhibits the reaction [Thyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]]12658717
D013890ThioureaThiourea results in decreased expression of CS mRNA12658717
D013890ThioureaThiourea results in decreased expression of CS protein12658717
D013890ThioureaThyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]12658717
D013890ThioureaThyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased expression of CS mRNA]12658717
D013974ThyroxineCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Thyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]]12658717
D013974ThyroxineDactinomycin inhibits the reaction [Thyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]]12658717
D013974ThyroxineThyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased activity of CS protein]12658717
D013974ThyroxineThyroxine inhibits the reaction [Thiourea results in decreased expression of CS mRNA]12658717
D014266TrientineTrientine results in increased expression of CS protein19634143
C015559trimellitic anhydridetrimellitic anhydride results in increased expression of CS mRNA19042947
D014303TrinitrotolueneTrinitrotoluene affects the expression of CS mRNA21346803
C080163trovafloxacintrovafloxacin results in decreased expression of CS mRNA24136188
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased expression of CS mRNA23179753
C025643vinclozolinvinclozolin affects the expression of CS mRNA19015723
D015215ZidovudineZidovudine affects the expression of CS mRNA20032539
D015215ZidovudineZidovudine results in decreased expression of CS protein1892364
D015032ZincZinc results in increased expression of CS mRNA17074742
D019287Zinc SulfateZinc Sulfate results in increased expression of CS mRNA17074742

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0003723RNA binding-HDA22681889  
GO:0004108citrate (Si)-synthase activity-IDA9543345  
GO:0004108citrate (Si)-synthase activity-TAS-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005975carbohydrate metabolic process-IDA9543345  
GO:0006099tricarboxylic acid cycle-IEA-  
GO:0006099tricarboxylic acid cycle-TAS-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005634nucleus-HDA21630459  
GO:0005739mitochondrion-HDA20833797  
GO:0005739mitochondrion-IDA-  
GO:0005759mitochondrial matrix-IDA9543345  
GO:0005759mitochondrial matrix-TAS-  
GO:0070062extracellular exosome-HDA20458337  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
hsa00020Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
hsa00630Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
hsa01100Metabolic pathways
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-1268020Mitochondrial protein importIEA
R-HSA-1428517The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transportTAS
R-HSA-1430728MetabolismTAS
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteinsIEA
R-HSA-71403Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)TAS
R-HSA-71406Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycleTAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
25205553Cigarette smoking is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction in the small intestine but not in the large intestine of mice. (2014 Dec)Zuo LJ Crohns Colitis
20432253Cigarette smoking exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. (2010 May)Azzalini LHepatology
18209858Pitfalls in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (2007 Nov)Vilar LArq Bras Endocrinol Metabol
28906034Small airway disease: A different phenotype of early stage COPD associated with biomass smoke exposure. (2018 Feb)Zhao DRespirology
21430224The role of ChemR23 in the induction and resolution of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. (2011 May 1)Demoor TJ Immunol
23102783Modulation of atherogenic lipidome by cigarette smoke in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (2012 Dec)Boue SAtherosclerosis
29326688Cigarette Smoke Increases Endothelial CXCL16-Leukocyte CXCR6 Adhesion In Vitro and In Vivo. Potential Consequences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. (2017)Marques PFront Immunol
28959653p-Benzoquinone initiates non-invasive urothelial cancer through aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR, MAP kinase activation and cell cycle deregulation: Prevention by vitamin C. (2017)Ganguly SToxicol Rep
1892301T cell subsets in healthy black smokers and nonsmokers. Evidence for ethnic group as an important response modifier. (1991 Sep)Tollerud DJAm Rev Respir Dis
11588007Chronic smoking enhances tachykinin synthesis and airway responsiveness in guinea pigs. (2001 Sep)Kwong KAm J Respir Cell Mol Biol
28812128Protective effect of cigarette smoke on the course of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis is accompanied by lymphocyte subpopulation changes in the blood and colon. (2017 Nov)Daniluk JInt J Colorectal Dis
17328944Cigarette smoking impairs bradykinin-stimulated tissue plasminogen activator release in human coronary circulation. (2007)Takashima HThromb Res
26915460Protection from cigarette smoke-induced vascular injury by recombinant human relaxin-2 (serelaxin). (2016 May)Pini AJ Cell Mol Med
25228925A systems biology approach reveals a link between systemic cytokines and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in a rodent smoking model and human COPD. (2014)Davidsen PKGenome Med
25452730Eicosapentaenoic acid attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting ROS-sensitive inflammatory signaling. (2014)Liu MHFront Physiol
29623357Membrane microdomains regulate NLRP10- and NLRP12-dependent signalling in A549 cells challenged with cigarette smoke extract. (2018 May)Singh DPArch Toxicol
26024895Il-17A contributes to maintenance of pulmonary homeostasis in a murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. (2015 Jul 15)Voss MAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
24314135Caspase 3 activity in isolated fetal rat lung fibroblasts and rat periodontal ligament fibroblasts: cigarette smoke induced alterations. (2013 Dec 6)Ahmed ATob Induc Dis
23319833Th17 cell enhances CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity via IL-21 production in emphysema mice. (2012)Duan MCMediators Inflamm
25799396Dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation markers are correlated with telomere length shortening in Cushing's syndrome. (2015)Aulinas APLoS One
3930250Dexamethasone suppression and multiple hormonal responses (TSH, prolactin and growth hormone) to TRH in some psychiatric disorders. (1985)Banki CMEur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci
8987732mu-Opioid receptors modulate NMDA receptor-mediated responses in nucleus accumbens neurons. (1997 Jan 1)Martin GJ Neurosci
23920389Causes of mortality after dose-escalated radiation therapy and androgen deprivation for high-risk prostate cancer. (2013 Sep 1)Tendulkar RDInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
19519907Smoking and nicotine exposure delay development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. (2009)Lindblad SSArthritis Res Ther
28150141Role of second-hand smoke (SHS)-induced proteostasis/autophagy impairment in pediatric lung diseases. (2017 Dec)Patel NMol Cell Pediatr
26272212Acute Exposure to Electronic and Combustible Cigarette Aerosols: Effects in an Animal Model and in Human Alveolar Cells. (2016 May)Husari ANicotine Tob Res
25664340The effect of a 12-week moderate intensity interval training program on the antioxidant defense capability and lipid profile in men smoking cigarettes or hookah: a cohort study. (2015)Koubaa AScientificWorldJournal
25449333Pyrazine, 2-ethylpyridine, and 3-ethylpyridine are cigarette smoke components that alter the growth of normal and malignant human lung cells, and play a role in multidrug resistance development. (2015 Feb)Liu MExp Mol Pathol
22891281Shp2 plays an important role in acute cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation. (2012 Sep 15)Li FFJ Immunol
25905307Pseudo-Cushing's States (2000)Androulakis II-
19860939Effects of curcumin in an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model. (2009 Sep-Oct)Leite KRInt Braz J Urol
23711494Short-term effects of nose-only cigarette smoke exposure on glutathione redox homeostasis, cytochrome P450 1A1/2 and respiratory enzyme activities in mice tissues. (2013)Raza HCell Physiol Biochem
10556660Alterations of protein kinase C, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and K-ras oncogene in rat lungs exposed to passive smoking. (1999 Nov)Maehira FClin Chim Acta
21778470Cigarette smoke induces DNA damage and alters base-excision repair and tau levels in the brain of neonatal mice. (2011 Oct)La Maestra SToxicol Sci
29223853Role of miR-195 in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (2018 Feb)Gu WInt Immunopharmacol
27816504NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 mediates cigarette smoke-induced superoxide generation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. (2017 Feb)Chang KHToxicol In Vitro
12807736Cigarette smoke exposure increases ulcerative colitis-associated colonic adenoma formation in mice. (2003 Aug)Liu ESCarcinogenesis
22003194Cigarette smoke exposure leads to follicle loss via an alternative ovarian cell death pathway in a mouse model. (2012 Jan)Gannon AMToxicol Sci
15186941Aberrant antibody responses to oxidized LDL and increased intimal thickening in apoE-/- mice exposed to cigarette smoke. (2004 Jul)Tani SAtherosclerosis
29540668Cigarette smoke stimulates the stemness of renal cancer stem cells via Sonic Hedgehog pathway. (2018 Mar 13)Qian WOncogenesis
26218915Assessment of Proteins Associated With Complement Activation and Inflammation in Maculae of Human Donors Homozygous Risk at Chromosome 1 CFH-to-F13B. (2015 Jul)Keenan TDInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
21861928Cigarette smoke extract upregulates heme oxygenase-1 via PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PDGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway in mouse brain endothelial cells. (2011 Aug 24)Shih RHJ Neuroinflammation
27604339Human primary airway epithelial cells isolated from active smokers have epigenetically impaired antiviral responses. (2016 Sep 7)Wu WRespir Res
20956540Sphingolipid-mediated inhibition of apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages. (2010 Dec 17)Petrusca DNJ Biol Chem
21059812Effect of cigarette smoke on mutagenic activation of environmental carcinogens by cytochrome P450 2A8 and inactivation by glucuronidation in hamster liver. (2011 Mar)Tatematsu KMutagenesis
15842268Smoking, a weak predictor of periodontitis in older adults. (2005 May)Persson REJ Clin Periodontol
26283591Resveratrol potentiates the effect of dexamethasone in rat model of acute lung inflammation. (2015 Sep)Sadarani BNInt Immunopharmacol
28285568Cigarette Smoking Affects Uterine Receptivity Markers. (2017 Jul)Sahin Ersoy GReprod Sci
11351145Aggravating effect of cigarette smoke exposure on experimental colitis is associated with leukotriene B(4) and reactive oxygen metabolites. (2001)Guo XDigestion
25198511Induction of murine macrophage M2 polarization by cigarette smoke extract via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. (2014)Yuan FPLoS One
28300138Reduced DNA methylation and psychopathology following endogenous hypercortisolism - a genome-wide study. (2017 Mar 16)Glad CASci Rep
23792774The effects of acetaldehyde and acrolein on muscle catabolism in C2 myotubes. (2013 Dec)Rom OFree Radic Biol Med
29511453Role of Kruppel-like factor 4 in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. (2018)Sun DAm J Transl Res
26667496Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in migration of gingival epithelial cells in response to stimulation by cigarette smoke condensate and infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis. (2016 Oct)Imamura KJ Periodontal Res
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