Gene: DMD

1756
BMD|CMD3B|DXS142|DXS164|DXS206|DXS230|DXS239|DXS268|DXS269|DXS270|DXS272|MRX85
dystrophin
protein-coding
Xp21.2-p21.1
Ensembl:ENSG00000198947 MIM:300377 Vega:OTTHUMG00000021336 UniprotKB:P11532
NG_012232.1
PubMed|SNP Mapped
2   ANCO-SNPs
ND|AD
1   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
NA (AD)  NA (ND)

ANCO-SNPs

SNP ID Position Alleles Trait Variation Type
rs2405543chrX:32097024 (GRCh38.p7)G>Aalcohol dependenceSNV(Single Nucleotide Variation)
rs1921968chrX:31419688 (GRCh38.p7)C>Talcohol dependenceSNV(Single Nucleotide Variation)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
KIAA11090.859
RSF10.842
MEGF90.84
PIKFYVE0.837
CHD90.834
ARHGEF120.829
FBXL30.828
TRIP110.824
WDFY30.824
PCMTD10.823

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
OR4F5-0.557
OR4F29-0.535
NANOGNB-0.29
PRRX2-0.273
C17orf64-0.252
C9orf135-0.244
CD8B-0.24
MDFI-0.236
SFN-0.235
SPOCD1-0.225

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C0297902,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25510870
C0297902,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl"2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"23829299
C1111182',3,3',4',5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl"2',3,3',4',5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"19114083
C0817662,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25510870
C0140242,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25510870
C0098282,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25510870
C0094072,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25510870
C0235142,6-dinitrotoluene"2,6-dinitrotoluene affects the expression of DMD mRNA"21346803
C0230353,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl"3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"23196670
C0095054,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane"4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in increased expression of DMD mRNA"18648102
D000079AcetaldehydeAcetaldehyde affects the expression of DMD mRNA22634333
D000082AcetaminophenAcetaminophen results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA21420995
D000082AcetaminophenAcetaminophen affects the expression of DMD mRNA17562736
C056165acetovanilloneacetovanillone inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of RELA protein modified form]26930420
C056165acetovanilloneacetovanillone inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of SIRT1 mRNA]26930420
D000255Adenosine TriphosphateDMD gene mutant form results in increased secretion of Adenosine Triphosphate24349043
D000255Adenosine TriphosphateNifedipine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased secretion of Adenosine Triphosphate]24349043
D016604Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1 results in decreased methylation of DMD gene27153756
D016604Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1 results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA19770486
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of DMD mRNA16483693
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of DMD protein16483693
D018501Antirheumatic AgentsAntirheumatic Agents results in increased expression of DMD mRNA24449571
C015001arsenitearsenite results in increased methylation of DMD promoter23974009
C547126AZM551248AZM551248 results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA22323515
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of DMD mRNA22316170
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA19770486
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in decreased expression of DMD protein21467743
D0151237,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide"7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"19150397|2623829
D004958Estradiol[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA20660070
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A affects the expression of DMD mRNA21786754
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A affects the expression of DMD mRNA25181051
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased methylation of DMD gene28505145
D002118CalciumDMD gene mutant form results in increased abundance of Calcium24349043
D002118CalciumNifedipine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased abundance of Calcium]24349043
D002994ClofibrateClofibrate results in increased expression of DMD mRNA17585979
D003300CopperCopper results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA26293553
C029892cupric chloridecupric chloride results in increased expression of DMD mRNA17211630
D003471CuprizoneCuprizone results in increased expression of DMD mRNA27523638
D016572CyclosporineCyclosporine results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA20106945
D003630DaunorubicinDaunorubicin results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA26537877|2894005
D003703DemecolcineDemecolcine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA23649840
D003993Dibutyl PhthalateDibutyl Phthalate results in increased expression of DMD mRNA17361019|2126653
C051904dinophysistoxin 1dinophysistoxin 1 results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA28939011
D004280DobutamineDMD gene mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Dobutamine17440445
D004317DoxorubicinDoxorubicin results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA26537877|2894005
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of ACTA1 mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BDH1 mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BGN mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of HSPH1 mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of POSTN mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of SPP1 mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in increased expression of DSC2 mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in increased expression of MYL7 mRNA]17888722
D004317DoxorubicinDMD protein affects the reaction [Doxorubicin results in increased expression of SPSB1 mRNA]17888722
D000431EthanolEthanol results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA29018328
D005038EthylnitrosoureaEthylnitrosourea results in increased mutagenesis of DMD gene16724327
D005047EtoposideDMD protein affects the susceptibility to Etoposide16217747
D011345FenofibrateFenofibrate results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA11798191
C061365flusilazoleflusilazole affects the expression of DMD mRNA22634333
D005557FormaldehydeFormaldehyde results in increased expression of DMD mRNA23649840
C001277geldanamycingeldanamycin results in increased expression of DMD mRNA26705709
D019833GenisteinESR2 promotes the reaction [Genistein results in decreased expression of DMD protein]20884965
D019833GenisteinGenistein results in decreased expression of DMD protein20884965
D005839GentamicinsGentamicins results in increased expression of DMD protein mutant form12966700|1612262
D005839GentamicinsDMD protein affects the reaction [Gentamicins results in increased expression of NOS1 protein]14751810
D005839GentamicinsGentamicins results in increased expression of DMD protein mutant form14751810|1869483
D005839Gentamicins[Gentamicins results in increased expression of DMD protein mutant form] which affects the expression of NOS3 protein14751810
D005839Gentamicins[Gentamicins results in increased expression of DMD protein mutant form] which results in increased expression of AQP4 protein18694830
D017313FenretinideFenretinide results in increased expression of DMD mRNA28973697
D006861Hydrogen PeroxideHydrogen Peroxide affects the expression of DMD protein21179406
D007545IsoproterenolDMD gene mutant form promotes the reaction [ITGB1 gene affects the susceptibility to Isoproterenol]18340010
D007545IsoproterenolIsoproterenol results in decreased expression of DMD18808529
D007854LeadLead affects the expression of DMD mRNA28903495
D007854LeadLead affects the splicing of DMD mRNA28903495
D008627Mercuric ChlorideMercuric Chloride affects the expression of DMD mRNA20353558
D008694MethamphetamineMethamphetamine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA26307267
D008741Methyl MethanesulfonateMethyl Methanesulfonate results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA26011545
D018817N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine"N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA"20188158
D008775MethylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of RELA protein modified form]26930420
D008775MethylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of SIRT1 mRNA]26930420
D016685MitomycinDMD protein affects the susceptibility to Mitomycin16217747
D008942MitoxantroneMitoxantrone results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA26537877|2894005
C016599mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalatemono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate results in increased expression of DMD mRNA22401849
D060172MorpholinosMorpholinos results in increased expression of DMD21540335
C523799MRK 003DMD results in decreased susceptibility to MRK 00319903844
D009151Mustard GasMustard Gas results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA18955075
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon analog results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25554681
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25554681|2562005
D009532NickelNickel results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA25583101
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased abundance of Calcium]24349043
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of BAX mRNA]24349043
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of NOS2 mRNA]24349043
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased secretion of Adenosine Triphosphate]24349043
D010269ParaquatDMD gene mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Paraquat10797403
C410127PCB 180"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"25510870
C410127PCB 180PCB 180 results in increased expression of DMD mRNA23829299
D010416PentachlorophenolPentachlorophenol results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA24642059
C027579periodate-oxidized adenosineperiodate-oxidized adenosine affects the expression of DMD mRNA17097637
D010862PilocarpinePilocarpine results in decreased expression of DMD protein20886625
C006253pirinixic acidpirinixic acid results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA11798191
D011374Progesterone[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA20660070
C005556propionaldehydepropionaldehyde results in increased expression of DMD mRNA26079696
D011441PropylthiouracilPropylthiouracil results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA24780913
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in decreased expression of ATP2A2 mRNA]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of ACTA2 mRNA]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of COL1A1 mRNA]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of COL1A2 mRNA]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of COL3A1 mRNA]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of EP300 protein]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of NPPA mRNA]23297412
C059514resveratrolresveratrol inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of TGFB1 mRNA]26930420
C059514resveratrolresveratrol results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA22610192
D017632Asbestos, Serpentine"Asbestos, Serpentine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA"21148743
D012822Silicon DioxideSilicon Dioxide analog results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA25895662
C009277sodium arsenatesodium arsenate results in increased expression of DMD mRNA21795629
D013096SpermineSpermine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA18673383
D013654TaurineTaurine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of RELA protein modified form]26930420
D013654TaurineTaurine inhibits the reaction [DMD gene mutant form results in increased expression of SIRT1 mRNA]26930420
D013866ThioguanineThioguanine results in increased splicing of DMD exon23259153
D014028Tobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke Pollution results in increased expression of DMD mRNA18087596
C024746tobacco tartobacco tar results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA19559774
D014118Toxins, Biological"Toxins, Biological affects the expression of DMD mRNA"19682533
D014212TretinoinTretinoin results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA23724009
C012589trichostatin Atrichostatin A results in increased expression of DMD mRNA24935251
C016805tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate"tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA"26179874
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA23179753|2800136
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased expression of DMD mRNA24383497|2493525
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions affects the methylation of DMD gene25560391
C025643vinclozolinvinclozolin results in increased expression of DMD mRNA23034163
D014750VincristineVincristine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA23649840
D024483Vitamin K 3DMD gene mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Vitamin K 310797403
C111237vorinostatvorinostat results in decreased expression of DMD mRNA27188386
D015215ZidovudineZidovudine affects the localization of DMD protein17943461

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0002162dystroglycan binding-IPI7592992  
GO:0003779actin binding-IDA16803572  
GO:0003779actin binding-TAS12376554  
GO:0005200structural constituent of cytoskeleton-TAS3282674  
GO:0005515protein binding-IPI7844150  8576247  9356463  9395493  10545507  10767429  
16000376  16777071  25416956  25910212  27225184  
GO:0008270zinc ion binding-IEA-  
GO:0008307structural constituent of muscle-IDA16000376  
GO:0008307structural constituent of muscle-TAS3287171  
GO:0017022myosin binding-IDA16803572  
GO:0017166vinculin binding-IPI16803572  
GO:0050998nitric-oxide synthase binding-ISS7545544  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0002027regulation of heart rate-IMP19027585  
GO:0007010cytoskeleton organization-IEA-  
GO:0007517muscle organ development-NAS1824797  
GO:0010880regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum-ISS20080623  
GO:0010881regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion-ISS20080623  
GO:0014809regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion-ISS19198614  
GO:0014819regulation of skeletal muscle contraction-ISS19198614  
GO:0030049muscle filament sliding-TAS-  
GO:0033137negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation-ISS23263329  
GO:0034613cellular protein localization-IMP7545544  
GO:0034622cellular protein-containing complex assembly-ISS19198614  20080623  
GO:0035994response to muscle stretch-ISS-  
GO:0043043peptide biosynthetic process-IDA16000376  
GO:0046716muscle cell cellular homeostasis-ISS-  
GO:0048747muscle fiber development-ISS-  
GO:0060048cardiac muscle contraction-IMP19027585  
GO:0060314regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity-ISS20080623  
GO:0086001cardiac muscle cell action potential-ISS20080623  21677768  
GO:1901385regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity-ISS21677768  
GO:1902083negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation-ISS19198614  20080623  
GO:2000651positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity-ISS21677768  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005829cytosol-TAS-  
GO:0005856cytoskeleton-IEA-  
GO:0009986cell surface-IDA10867799  
GO:0016010dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex-IDA17993586  
GO:0016010dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex-NAS7592992  
GO:0016010dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex-TAS8282811  
GO:0016013syntrophin complex-TAS21164104  
GO:0016328lateral plasma membranecolocalizes_withTAS21164104  
GO:0030018Z disc-ISS-  
GO:0030055cell-substrate junction-ISS-  
GO:0030175filopodium-IDA16803572  
GO:0031527filopodium membrane-IDA16803572  
GO:0032991protein-containing complex-IDA18468998  
GO:0042383sarcolemma-IDA7545544  27225184  
GO:0043034costamere-IDA16000376  
GO:0044306neuron projection terminus-ISS-  
GO:0045121membrane raft-ISS-  
GO:0045202synapse-ISS-  
GO:0045211postsynaptic membrane-IEA-  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
hsa05410Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
hsa05412Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
hsa05414Dilated cardiomyopathy
hsa05416Viral myocarditis
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-1474244Extracellular matrix organizationIEA
R-HSA-3000171Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactionsIEA
R-HSA-390522Striated Muscle ContractionTAS
R-HSA-397014Muscle contractionTAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
26834999Integrated analysis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma identifies key variants and pathways linked to risk habits, HPV, clinical parameters and tumor recurrence. (2015)Krishnan NF1000Res