Gene info: ID 23569

Gene: PADI4

GENE ID: 23569

Synonyms: PAD|PAD4|PADI5|PDI4|PDI5

Description: peptidyl arginine deiminase 4

Gene type: protein-coding

Location: 1p36.13

dbXrefs: Ensembl:ENSG00000159339 MIM:605347 Vega:OTTHUMG00000002371 UniprotKB:Q9UM07

RefSeq: NG_023261.2

Retrived from: PubMed

SNPs: 0 ANCO-SNPs

Phenotype: ND

# Publications: 11

Sherlock p-value : 8.113e-1 (AD) 7.038e-1 (ND) (Frontal_Cortex)

Pascal p-value : 7.821e-1 (AD) 4.260e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
OLFM4	0.451
MMP9	0.346
MYO1B	0.345
ACTC1	0.345
PDE6H	0.325
NEUROD1	0.324
RMDN2	0.317
GRB14	0.314
SPATA6L	0.313
RFX3	0.312

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
FIBCD1	-0.316
SMIM6	-0.301
FOXO6	-0.272
DMRT2	-0.268
BTBD16	-0.267
PTPRH	-0.266
SHB	-0.266
SEMA3E	-0.262
GJC2	-0.26
SH2D6	-0.258

ID	Drug Name	Drug Type	CAS Num	Status	Role
DB00155	L-Citrulline	Small Molecule	372-75-8	Approved\|Investigational\|Nutraceutical	Target
DB00207	Azithromycin	Small Molecule	83905-01-5	Approved	Target
DB00254	Doxycycline	Small Molecule	564-25-0	Approved\|Investigational	Target
DB00759	Tetracycline	Small Molecule	60-54-8	Approved	Target
DB01082	Streptomycin	Small Molecule	57-92-1	Approved	Target
DB07449	N-[(1S)-1-(AMINOCARBONYL)-4-(ETHANIMIDOYLAMINO)BUTYL]BENZAMIDE	Small Molecule		Experimental	Target

ID	Drug Name	Action	PubMed
C028474	1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene	"1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	28903501
C029790	2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl	"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25510870
C081766	2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl	"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25510870
C014024	2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl	"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25510870
C009828	2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl	"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25510870
C009407	2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl	"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25510870
C049584	2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine	"2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	12376462
C009505	4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane	"4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	18648102
D016604	Aflatoxin B1	Aflatoxin B1 results in increased methylation of PADI4 gene	27153756
C103303	alitretinoin	alitretinoin results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	15964820
C103303	alitretinoin	Dimethyl Sulfoxide promotes the reaction [alitretinoin results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA]	15964820
D000643	Ammonium Chloride	Ammonium Chloride affects the expression of PADI4 mRNA	16483693
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol promotes the reaction [ESR2 protein affects the expression of PADI4 mRNA]	20404318
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	19484750
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA	25181051
D013759	Dronabinol	Dronabinol results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA	16616335
D004041	Dietary Fats	Dietary Fats results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA	25016146
D015127	9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene	"9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	22485181
D015127	9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene	"9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	12376462
D004121	Dimethyl Sulfoxide	Dimethyl Sulfoxide promotes the reaction [alitretinoin results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA]	15964820
D004997	Ethinyl Estradiol	Ethinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	17557909
C509292	F-amidine	F-amidine results in decreased activity of PADI4 protein	21882827
D005557	Formaldehyde	Formaldehyde results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA	28937961
C039281	furan	furan results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	27387713
D007854	Lead	Lead results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA	19921347
C568520	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide results in increased expression of PADI4 protein	21882827
C568520	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide results in decreased activity of PADI4 protein	21882827
C568519	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-fluoro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-fluoro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide results in increased expression of PADI4 protein	21882827
C568519	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-fluoro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide	N-alpha-(2-carboxyl)benzoyl-N5-(2-fluoro-1-iminoethyl)ornithine amide results in decreased activity of PADI4 protein	21882827
D037742	Nanotubes, Carbon	"Nanotubes, Carbon analog results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25554681
C030110	oxaliplatin	[oxaliplatin co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	25729387
C030110	oxaliplatin	oxaliplatin results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	25729387
C410127	PCB 180	"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA"	25510870
D011285	Pregnenolone Carbonitrile	Pregnenolone Carbonitrile results in decreased expression of PADI4 mRNA	28903501
D011285	Pregnenolone Carbonitrile	Pregnenolone Carbonitrile results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	19162173
D011441	Propylthiouracil	Propylthiouracil results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	24780913
C513635	S-2-pentyl-4-pentynoic hydroxamic acid	S-2-pentyl-4-pentynoic hydroxamic acid results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	21427059
C016766	sulforafan	sulforafan results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	26833863
D014284	Triiodothyronine	Triiodothyronine results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	15953391
D013749	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin affects the expression of PADI4 mRNA	21570461
C009495	titanium dioxide	titanium dioxide results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	23557971
D014028	Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Tobacco Smoke Pollution affects the expression of PADI4 mRNA	20133372
D019772	Topotecan	[oxaliplatin co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	25729387
C015559	trimellitic anhydride	trimellitic anhydride results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	19042947
D014635	Valproic Acid	Valproic Acid results in increased methylation of PADI4 gene	29154799
D014635	Valproic Acid	Valproic Acid results in increased expression of PADI4 mRNA	21427059

GO/Pathway

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0004668	protein-arginine deiminase activity	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0004668	protein-arginine deiminase activity	-	IDA	15339660 16567635
GO:0004668	protein-arginine deiminase activity	-	IMP	15247907
GO:0004668	protein-arginine deiminase activity	-	TAS	-
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	-	IDA	16567635
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	-	IMP	15247907
GO:0005515	protein binding	-	IPI	21584310 25416956
GO:0016990	arginine deiminase activity	-	IDA	21584310
GO:0034618	arginine binding	-	IMP	15247907
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	-	IMP	15247907

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0006325	chromatin organization	-	ISS	-
GO:0006325	chromatin organization	-	TAS	-
GO:0006334	nucleosome assembly	-	ISS	-
GO:0006338	chromatin remodeling	-	ISS	-
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-templated	-	IEA	-
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	-	IEA	-
GO:0006464	cellular protein modification process	-	TAS	10488123
GO:0018101	protein citrullination	-	IDA	21584310
GO:0018101	protein citrullination	-	IMP	15247907
GO:0019546	arginine deiminase pathway	-	IMP	15247907
GO:0019827	stem cell population maintenance	-	ISS	-
GO:0036413	histone H3-R26 citrullination	-	IDA	15339660 16567635
GO:0036414	histone citrullination	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0036414	histone citrullination	-	IDA	15339660 16567635
GO:0045087	innate immune response	-	IEA	-

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0005634	nucleus	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0005634	nucleus	-	IDA	15339660
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	-	TAS	-
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0005829	cytosol	-	TAS	-
GO:0032991	protein-containing complex	-	IMP	15247907

KEGG ID	KEGG Term

Reactome ID	Reactome Term	Evidence
R-HSA-3247509	Chromatin modifying enzymes	TAS
R-HSA-4839726	Chromatin organization	TAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID	Title (Year)	Author	Journal
19252239	[Recent advances in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis]. (2009 Mar)	Kawabata K	Clin Calcium
20537173	Peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) haplotypes interact with shared epitope regardless of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody or erosive joint status in rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study. (2010)	Bang SY	Arthritis Res Ther
20234359	Ethnogenetic heterogeneity of rheumatoid arthritis-implications for pathogenesis. (2010 May)	Kochi Y	Nat Rev Rheumatol
23288628	Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis - a comprehensive review. (2013 Oct)	Kurko J	Clin Rev Allergy Immunol
18466513	Evaluating gene x gene and gene x smoking interaction in rheumatoid arthritis using candidate genes in GAW15. (2007)	Mei L	BMC Proc
29287593	Upregulation of citrullination pathway: From Autoimmune to Idiopathic Lung Fibrosis. (2017 Dec 29)	Samara KD	Respir Res
20453439	Genetic background of tolerance breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis. (2010)	Kochi Y	Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi
21802972	Does brachydactyly have a protective effect on the erosive changes in rheumatoid arthritis? (2012 May)	Bang SY	Joint Bone Spine
23577190	PADI4 and HLA-DRB1 are genetic risks for radiographic progression in RA patients, independent of ACPA status: results from the IORRA cohort study. (2013)	Suzuki T	PLoS One
21062850	PADI4 polymorphism predisposes male smokers to rheumatoid arthritis. (2011 Mar)	Kochi Y	Ann Rheum Dis
21960546	Peptidylarginine deiminases present in the airways during tobacco smoking and inflammation can citrullinate the host defense peptide LL-37, resulting in altered activities. (2012 Feb)	Kilsgard O	Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol