Gene: GAD2

2572
GAD65
glutamate decarboxylase 2
protein-coding
10p12.1
Ensembl:ENSG00000136750 MIM:138275 Vega:OTTHUMG00000017836 UniprotKB:Q05329
NC_000010.11
PubMed
0   ANCO-SNPs
CD|ND|AD
4   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
9.629e-1 (AD)  7.254e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
GAD10.959
SLC32A10.953
PCP4L10.936
BTBD110.925
VWC20.924
TAC10.924
NRIP30.92
ENTPD30.908
MYOZ30.897
ZNF385D0.889

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
CDA-0.6
TGIF1-0.583
CSAG1-0.567
TNFRSF10D-0.565
AGTRAP-0.561
HEBP2-0.554
GPR4-0.554
ROM1-0.553
ATOH8-0.551
MAGEA12-0.546

Drugs/Compounds

ID Drug Name Drug Type CAS Num Status Role
DB00142Glutamic AcidSmall Molecule56-86-0Approved|NutraceuticalTarget
ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C5112952,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether"2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"21394737|2729130
C0303702-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone"2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA"20206263
C0230353,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl"3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"19781795
C4591794-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide"[NOG protein co-treated with panobinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
C4591794-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide"[NOG protein co-treated with Phenylmercuric Acetate co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
C4591794-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide"[NOG protein co-treated with Valproic Acid co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
C516138(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine"[NOG protein co-treated with panobinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
C516138(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine"[NOG protein co-treated with Phenylmercuric Acetate co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
C516138(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine"[NOG protein co-treated with Valproic Acid co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
D016604Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1 results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA19770486
D013196DihydrotestosteroneDihydrotestosterone results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA14967907
D005680gamma-Aminobutyric AcidGAD2 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid9634146
D005680gamma-Aminobutyric AcidGAD2 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid15368537
D005680gamma-Aminobutyric AcidGAD2 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid12376704
D005680gamma-Aminobutyric AcidGAD2 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of gamma-Aminobutyric Acid12634427
D000625Aminooxyacetic AcidAminooxyacetic Acid results in decreased activity of GAD2 protein12634427
D0157614-Aminopyridine4-Aminopyridine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA25917026
D0157614-AminopyridineKCNIP1 mRNA promotes the reaction [4-Aminopyridine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA]25917026
C014983amitrazamitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA26141220
C014983amitrazIdazoxan inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
C014983amitraz[methylhistaprodifen co-treated with Idazoxan] inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
C014983amitrazmethylhistaprodifen inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA16483693
C027423aroclor 1242[aroclor 1242 co-treated with aroclor 1248 co-treated with Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) co-treated with aroclor 1260] results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein17324953
C028617aroclor 1248[aroclor 1242 co-treated with aroclor 1248 co-treated with Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) co-treated with aroclor 1260] results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein17324953
C026987aroclor 1260[aroclor 1242 co-treated with aroclor 1248 co-treated with Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) co-treated with aroclor 1260] results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein17324953
D001151ArsenicArsenic affects the methylation of GAD2 gene25304211
C015001arsenitearsenite results in increased methylation of GAD2 promoter23974009
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA21839799
D004958Estradiol[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA19833106
D004958Estradiol[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA22154832
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA22154832
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA15677881
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA21786754
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA26950200
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA22957036|2518105
C013418bromfenacoumbromfenacoum results in increased expression of GAD2 protein28903499
C010059carbamylhydrazinecarbamylhydrazine analog results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA28834696
D020111Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine)[aroclor 1242 co-treated with aroclor 1248 co-treated with Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) co-treated with aroclor 1260] results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein17324953
D003024ClozapineClozapine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA17266109
D003024ClozapineClozapine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA18923069
D003042CocaineCocaine affects the expression of GAD2 protein15722053
C000541cyclopaminecyclopamine results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA20865013
D003907DexamethasoneDexamethasone inhibits the reaction [RX3 gene mutant form affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]27941970
D003975DiazepamDiazepam results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA15802192
D003999Dichloroacetic AcidDichloroacetic Acid results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA28962523
D004026DieldrinDieldrin results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA23041725
D004051Diethylhexyl PhthalateDiethylhexyl Phthalate results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA15620428
D004052DiethylnitrosamineDiethylnitrosamine results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA12807726
D007980LevodopaLevodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA]19660528
D007980LevodopaLevodopa results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA15837143
C118739entinostatentinostat results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA27188386
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA17555576
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA17942748
D004997Ethinyl Estradiol[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA17942748
D005033EthylmaleimideEthylmaleimide results in decreased activity of GAD2 protein15836621
C540355fenamidonefenamidone results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA27029645
D005473FluoxetineFluoxetine results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA9526047
D005473FluoxetineFluoxetine results in increased expression of GAD2 protein19359144
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA18923069
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein19359144
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA18923069
C029424hydrazinehydrazine results in decreased activity of GAD2 protein12634427
D006854HydrocortisoneHydrocortisone results in increased expression of GAD2 protein15531528
D019329IdazoxanIdazoxan inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
D019329Idazoxan[methylhistaprodifen co-treated with Idazoxan] inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
D007608Kainic AcidKainic Acid results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA16797850
C008261lead acetatelead acetate affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA24875535
D0150973-Mercaptopropionic Acid3-Mercaptopropionic Acid results in decreased activity of GAD2 protein4154755
D008694MethamphetamineMethamphetamine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA15601951
C118995methylhistaprodifen[methylhistaprodifen co-treated with Idazoxan] inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
C118995methylhistaprodifenmethylhistaprodifen inhibits the reaction [amitraz affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA]26141220
C004925methylmercuric chloridemethylmercuric chloride results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA21385734
D018817N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine"N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein"26068050
D009020MorphineMorphine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA21178816
C025256nonylphenolnonylphenol results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA15620428
D016627OxidopamineLevodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA]19660528
D016627OxidopamineOxidopamine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA19660528
C076029olanzapineolanzapine results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein19359144
C496932panobinostat"[NOG protein co-treated with panobinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
D010269ParaquatParaquat results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA18198484
D010269ParaquatParaquat results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein24521700
D010433PentylenetetrazoleGAD2 gene mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Pentylenetetrazole8954991
C023036perfluorooctanoic acid[perfluorooctanoic acid co-treated with PPARA] results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA20118188
C031181phenanthrenephenanthrene results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA19781795
D010622PhencyclidinePhencyclidine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA17266109
D010634PhenobarbitalPhenobarbital results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA12807726
C033457phenobarbital quinidinephenobarbital quinidine results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA15802192
D010662Phenylmercuric Acetate"[NOG protein co-treated with Phenylmercuric Acetate co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
D010662Phenylmercuric AcetatePhenylmercuric Acetate results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA26272509
D010852PicrotoxinGAD2 gene mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Picrotoxin8954991
D010852PicrotoxinPicrotoxin results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA15170462
D010852PicrotoxinPicrotoxin results in increased expression of GAD2 protein15382257
D010862PilocarpinePilocarpine affects the expression of GAD2 protein15857427
D010862PilocarpinePilocarpine results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein12183020
D010862PilocarpinePilocarpine results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA16797850
D010862PilocarpinePilocarpine results in increased expression of GAD2 protein15987249
D011078Polychlorinated BiphenylsPolychlorinated Biphenyls results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein26543103
D011374Progesterone[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA19833106
D011374Progesterone[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA22154832
D011441PropylthiouracilPropylthiouracil results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA24780913
D011732Pyridoxal PhosphatePyridoxal Phosphate binds to GAD2 protein15686475|1569034
D011732Pyridoxal PhosphatePyridoxal Phosphate binds to GAD2 protein modified form15686475
C009250sevofluranesevoflurane results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA26206149
C017947sodium arsenitesodium arsenite results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA20308225
C017947sodium arsenitesodium arsenite results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA20376865
C049985staurosporine aglyconestaurosporine aglycone results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA12859332
C049985staurosporine aglyconestaurosporine aglycone results in decreased expression of GAD2 protein12859332
D013629TamoxifenTamoxifen affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA17555576
D013629TamoxifenTamoxifen results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA25123088
D043343Testosterone PropionateTestosterone Propionate results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA14967907
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA17942748
D014212TretinoinTretinoin results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA11841568
C016805tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate"tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"26743178
D014635Valproic Acid"[NOG protein co-treated with Valproic Acid co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA"27188386
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA23179753|2627250
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid affects the expression of GAD2 mRNA17963808
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA24896083
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased expression of GAD2 protein15379904
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA19359144
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions results in increased expression of GAD2 mRNA22659509
D000069470Venlafaxine HydrochlorideVenlafaxine Hydrochloride results in decreased expression of GAD2 mRNA25423262

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0004351glutamate decarboxylase activity-TAS-  
GO:0005515protein binding-IPI10671565  25416956  
GO:0016595glutamate binding-IEA-  
GO:0030170pyridoxal phosphate binding-IEA-  
GO:0046982protein heterodimerization activity-IEA-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0006540glutamate decarboxylation to succinate-IEA-  
GO:0007268chemical synaptic transmission-TAS8954991  
GO:0042136neurotransmitter biosynthetic process-IEA-  
GO:0042493response to drug-IEA-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0000139Golgi membrane-IEA-  
GO:0005829cytosol-IEA-  
GO:0005886plasma membrane-TAS-  
GO:0030054cell junction-IEA-  
GO:0030424axon-IEA-  
GO:0030672synaptic vesicle membrane-IEA-  
GO:0031225anchored component of membrane-IEA-  
GO:0042734presynaptic membrane-IEA-  
GO:0048471perinuclear region of cytoplasm-IEA-  
GO:0060077inhibitory synapse-IEA-  
GO:0061202clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane-TAS-  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
hsa00250Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hsa00410beta-Alanine metabolism
hsa00430Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
hsa00650Butanoate metabolism
hsa01100Metabolic pathways
hsa04940Type I diabetes mellitus
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-112310Neurotransmitter release cycleTAS
R-HSA-112315Transmission across Chemical SynapsesTAS
R-HSA-112316Neuronal SystemTAS
R-HSA-888568GABA synthesisTAS
R-HSA-888590GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradationTAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
17067345Glutamate decarboxylase genes and alcoholism in Han Taiwanese men. (2006 Nov)Loh el-WAlcohol Clin Exp Res
17034009Mutation screen of the GAD2 gene and association study of alcoholism in three populations. (2007 Mar 5)Lappalainen JAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
26041923Functional Upregulation of alpha4* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in VTA GABAergic Neurons Increases Sensitivity to Nicotine Reward. (2015 Jun 3)Ngolab JJ Neurosci
19111404Associations of glutamate decarboxylase genes with initial sensitivity and age-at-onset of alcohol dependence in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of Alcohol Dependence. (2009 Apr 1)Kuo PHDrug Alcohol Depend