Gene info: ID 2691

Gene: GHRH

GENE ID: 2691

Synonyms: GHRF|GRF|INN

Description: growth hormone releasing hormone

Gene type: protein-coding

Location: 20q11.23

dbXrefs: Ensembl:ENSG00000118702 MIM:139190 Vega:OTTHUMG00000032413 UniprotKB:P01286

RefSeq: NC_000020.11

Retrived from: PubMed

SNPs: 0 ANCO-SNPs

Phenotype: ND|AD

# Publications: 5

Sherlock p-value : NA (AD) NA (ND) (Frontal_Cortex)

Pascal p-value : 7.758e-1 (AD) 8.807e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
OTP	0.849
HCRT	0.845
LHX5	0.843
FOXB1	0.84
C22orf42	0.837
HMX2	0.834
NTS	0.828
SIM1	0.827
SIX6	0.816
HMX3	0.812

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
PDGFRB	-0.345
PRELP	-0.328
THSD1	-0.311
TTC28	-0.311
RGS5	-0.309
SLC38A11	-0.308
FOXF2	-0.299
ADAM33	-0.298
LAMA3	-0.297
FGD6	-0.296

There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID	Drug Name	Action	PubMed
C511295	2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether	"2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA"	25614096
C009505	4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane	"4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	18648102
C459179	4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	"[NOG protein co-treated with trichostatin A co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	27188386
C459179	4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	"[NOG protein co-treated with vorinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	27188386
C516138	(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine	"[NOG protein co-treated with trichostatin A co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	27188386
C516138	(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine	"[NOG protein co-treated with vorinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	27188386
C027696	acipimox	acipimox affects the susceptibility to GHRH protein	8923850
C027696	acipimox	acipimox promotes the reaction [GHRH protein results in increased secretion of GH1 protein]	8923850
D000242	Cyclic AMP	"[GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)- binds to and results in increased activity of GHRH protein] which results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP"	22308467
D016604	Aflatoxin B1	Aflatoxin B1 results in increased methylation of GHRH gene	27153756
D019386	Alendronate	Alendronate affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	16079270
C103303	alitretinoin	alitretinoin promotes the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA]	17090972
D000643	Ammonium Chloride	Ammonium Chloride affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	16483693
D001564	Benzo(a)pyrene	Benzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	21839799
C095105	bexarotene	bexarotene results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	16648578
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	22687993
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A inhibits the reaction [GHRH protein results in increased secretion of GH protein]	15223023
C006780	bisphenol A	[bisphenol A co-treated with Genistein] results in increased methylation of GHRH gene	28505145
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	17010207\|2518105
C018475	butyraldehyde	butyraldehyde results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	26079696
C042079	copper methionate	copper methionate results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	21110139
D019327	Copper Sulfate	Copper Sulfate results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	21110139
D003471	Cuprizone	Cuprizone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	26577399
D003907	Dexamethasone	alitretinoin promotes the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA]	17090972
D003907	Dexamethasone	Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	17090972
D003907	Dexamethasone	Tretinoin promotes the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA]	17090972
D003907	Dexamethasone	Triiodothyronine promotes the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA]	17090972
D004041	Dietary Fats	Dietary Fats results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	25016146
D004051	Diethylhexyl Phthalate	Diethylhexyl Phthalate results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA	28871463
D004997	Ethinyl Estradiol	Ethinyl Estradiol affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	16079270
D005230	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified	"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified affects the susceptibility to GHRH protein"	8923850
D005230	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified	"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified affects the reaction [GHRH protein results in increased secretion of GH1 protein]"	8923850
D004397	Fonofos	Fonofos results in increased methylation of GHRH promoter	22847954
C069837	fullerene C60	fullerene C60 results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA	19167457
D019833	Genistein	[bisphenol A co-treated with Genistein] results in increased methylation of GHRH gene	28505145
D019833	Genistein	Genistein results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	17010207
C587256	GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)-	"[GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)- binds to and results in increased activity of GHRH protein] which results in decreased susceptibility to plY protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae"	22308467
C587256	GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)-	"[GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)- binds to and results in increased activity of GHRH protein] which results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP"	22308467
C587256	GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)-	"GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)- binds to and results in increased activity of GHRH protein"	22308467
C017461	lead nitrate	lead nitrate inhibits the reaction [GHRH protein results in increased expression of GH1 protein]	12022635
D008713	Methimazole	Methimazole results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	22504374
C028007	nickel monoxide	nickel monoxide results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA	19167457
D026423	S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine	S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA	12102619
C025256	nonylphenol	nonylphenol inhibits the reaction [GHRH protein results in increased secretion of GH protein]	15223023
C025256	nonylphenol	nonylphenol results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	17010207
D010278	Parathion	Parathion results in increased methylation of GHRH promoter	22847954
C006253	pirinixic acid	[pirinixic acid binds to and results in increased activity of PPARA protein] which results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	19710929
D010936	Plant Extracts	Plant Extracts results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA	23557933
C032290	plY protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae	"[GH-RH(1-29), desaminotyrosyl(1)-ornithyl(12,21)-alpha-aminobutryic acid(15)-norleucyl(27)-aspartyl(28)-agmatine(29)- binds to and results in increased activity of GHRH protein] which results in decreased susceptibility to plY protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae"	22308467
D011441	Propylthiouracil	Propylthiouracil results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	22504374
D020849	Raloxifene Hydrochloride	Raloxifene Hydrochloride affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	16079270
C059514	resveratrol	resveratrol inhibits the reaction [GHRH protein results in increased secretion of GH1 protein]	23292070
D012969	Sodium Fluoride	Sodium Fluoride results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	27862939
D014284	Triiodothyronine	Triiodothyronine promotes the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA]	17090972
D013605	T-2 Toxin	T-2 Toxin results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA	26141394
C012568	terbufos	terbufos results in increased methylation of GHRH promoter	22847954
D043343	Testosterone Propionate	Testosterone Propionate affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	20943812
D013749	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	21570461
D014212	Tretinoin	Tretinoin promotes the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased expression of GHRH mRNA]	17090972
C012589	trichostatin A	"[NOG protein co-treated with trichostatin A co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	27188386
C012589	trichostatin A	trichostatin A results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA	26272509
D001335	Vehicle Emissions	Vehicle Emissions affects the methylation of GHRH gene	25560391
C111237	vorinostat	"[NOG protein co-treated with vorinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in decreased expression of GHRH mRNA"	27188386
D015034	Zinc Oxide	Zinc Oxide affects the expression of GHRH mRNA	28648595

GO/Pathway

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0005184	neuropeptide hormone activity	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0016608	growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0016608	growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	-	IDA	8421089 18329818
GO:0031770	growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0031770	growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	-	IPI	1333056 7680413
GO:0051428	peptide hormone receptor binding	-	IBA	21873635

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	-	TAS	-
GO:0007189	adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0007189	adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	-	IDA	1333056 3008329 7680413
GO:0007189	adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	-	ISS	-
GO:0007204	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	-	TAS	6192430
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	-	IDA	12867592
GO:0010469	regulation of signaling receptor activity	-	IEA	-
GO:0010667	negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0021984	adenohypophysis development	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0021984	adenohypophysis development	-	ISS	-
GO:0030252	growth hormone secretion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0030252	growth hormone secretion	-	IDA	2857452
GO:0032024	positive regulation of insulin secretion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0032094	response to food	-	ISS	-
GO:0040018	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0040018	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	-	IMP	8421089
GO:0042748	circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0043568	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	-	NAS	11773624
GO:0044321	response to leptin	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0046005	positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep	NOT	IMP	15538933
GO:0046005	positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep	-	NAS	18329818
GO:0046010	positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0060124	positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0060124	positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	-	IDA	3008329 8421089 18329818
GO:0060124	positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	-	IMP	15538933
GO:0060124	positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	-	NAS	11773624
GO:0071277	cellular response to calcium ion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0071354	cellular response to interleukin-6	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0071548	response to dexamethasone	-	IBA	21873635
GO:1903489	positive regulation of lactation	-	IBA	21873635

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0005576	extracellular region	-	NAS	11773624
GO:0005576	extracellular region	-	TAS	-
GO:0005615	extracellular space	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0005615	extracellular space	-	ISS	-
GO:0005622	intracellular	-	IEA	-
GO:0043005	neuron projection	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0043195	terminal bouton	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0043195	terminal bouton	-	ISS	-
GO:0043204	perikaryon	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0043679	axon terminus	-	IBA	21873635

KEGG ID	KEGG Term

Reactome ID	Reactome Term	Evidence
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction	TAS
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR	TAS
R-HSA-373080	Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)	TAS
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling	TAS
R-HSA-418555	G alpha (s) signalling events	TAS
R-HSA-420092	Glucagon-type ligand receptors	TAS
R-HSA-500792	GPCR ligand binding	TAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID	Title (Year)	Author	Journal
8265735	Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in early abstinent alcoholic patients. (1993)	De Marinis L	Psychoneuroendocrinology
29426577	Common variants at somatostatin are significantly associated with hypertension incidence in smoking and drinking populations. (2018 Mar)	Zhu H	J Am Soc Hypertens
15472198	Growth hormone deficiency predicts cardiovascular risk in young adults treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. (2004 Oct)	Link K	J Clin Endocrinol Metab
10456561	Alcohol, slow wave sleep, and the somatotropic axis. (1999 Jun-Jul)	Lands WE	Alcohol
16075928	Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels are correlated with the atherosclerotic profile in healthy subjects independently of age. (2005 May)	Colao A	J Endocrinol Invest