Gene: ACR

49
-
acrosin
protein-coding
22q13.33
Ensembl:ENSG00000100312 MIM:102480 Vega:OTTHUMG00000150155 UniprotKB:P10323
NC_000022.11
PubMed
ND|AD
65   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
3.801e-1 (AD)  9.474e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
KRTAP5-100.491
NLRP30.488
BEST40.474
SGSH0.466
LRRC14B0.462
SLC6A60.449
EOGT0.447
ARAP30.444
FHOD10.438
TATDN30.434

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
CCDC70-0.286
COX8C-0.278
ANLN-0.271
C10orf62-0.262
C7orf61-0.244
TRPV5-0.241
KCNQ1OT1-0.237
RFTN2-0.233
STH-0.232
CELSR1-0.23

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C496492abrineabrine results in increased expression of ACR mRNA22595364
D000082AcetaminophenAcetaminophen results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA22230336
D000535Aluminum[APP protein modified form binds to Aluminum] which results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA21298039
C547126AZM551248AZM551248 results in increased expression of ACR mRNA22323515
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA25181051
C018475butyraldehydebutyraldehyde results in increased expression of ACR mRNA26079696
C036042dicyclohexyl phthalatedicyclohexyl phthalate results in increased expression of ACR mRNA26924002
D019422Dietary SucroseDietary Sucrose results in increased expression of ACR mRNA26033743
C024629dimethyl phthalatedimethyl phthalate affects the expression of ACR mRNA26924002
C024629dimethyl phthalatedimethyl phthalate results in increased expression of ACR mRNA26924002
D004997Ethinyl Estradiol[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of ACR mRNA17942748
D005419FlavonoidsFlavonoids results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA18035473
D007649KetamineKetamine results in increased expression of ACR mRNA20080153
C517284monomethyl phthalatemonomethyl phthalate results in increased expression of ACR mRNA26924002
D010936Plant ExtractsPlant Extracts results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA23557933
D011441PropylthiouracilPropylthiouracil results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA24780913
D012969Sodium FluorideSodium Fluoride results in increased expression of ACR protein28918527
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of ACR mRNA17942748
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased methylation of ACR gene29154799
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions results in increased methylation of ACR gene25560391
C025643vinclozolinvinclozolin results in decreased expression of ACR mRNA18940246

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0002020protease binding-TAS-  
GO:0003677DNA binding-NAS1937464  
GO:0004040amidase activity-ISS-  
GO:0004252serine-type endopeptidase activity-IBA21873635  
GO:0004252serine-type endopeptidase activity-IDA6802470  
GO:0005507copper ion binding-NAS6815104  
GO:0005515protein binding-IPI7521127  15950651  
GO:0005537mannose binding-IDA15950652  
GO:0008144drug binding-ISS-  
GO:0008270zinc ion binding-NAS6815104  
GO:0042806fucose binding-ISS-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0002077acrosome matrix dispersal-NAS10418103  
GO:0007190activation of adenylate cyclase activity-IDA3880736  
GO:0007338single fertilization-ISS-  
GO:0007339binding of sperm to zona pellucida-IEA-  
GO:0007340acrosome reaction-IBA21873635  
GO:0007340acrosome reaction-IMP2550339  
GO:0007340acrosome reaction-TAS-  
GO:0007341penetration of zona pellucida-IEA-  
GO:0048545response to steroid hormone-IEA-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005576extracellular region-TAS-  
GO:0005634nucleus-HDA21630459  
GO:0005798Golgi-associated vesicle-IEA-  
GO:0032991protein-containing complex-IDA7521127  
GO:0043159acrosomal matrix-TAS12398221  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-1187000FertilizationTAS
R-HSA-1300645Acrosome ReactionTAS
R-HSA-1474165ReproductionTAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
9187416Effect of smoking on the prevalence of albuminuria in Japanese men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1997 Apr)Ikeda YDiabetes Res Clin Pract
21676919Systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiac risk factors: medical record documentation and patient adherence. (2011 Oct)Bengtsson CLupus
27330003ACR Appropriateness Criteria((R)) Locoregional therapy for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. (2016 Sep)Beitler JJHead Neck
20375690High prevalence and diversity of kidney dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: the BARI 2D baseline data. (2010 May)Wall BMAm J Med Sci
22701635Serum resistin and kidney function: a family-based study in non-diabetic, untreated individuals. (2012)Menzaghi CPLoS One
24709377[Preliminary analysis of the relationship between peripheral arterial disease and other atherosclerosis markers and diabetic nephropathy]. (2014 Sep-Oct)Rioja JClin Investig Arterioscler
17439930Genetically determined mannan-binding lectin deficiency is of minor importance in determining susceptibility to severe infections and vascular organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. (2007)Jonsen ALupus
11012904Inflammation and microalbuminuria in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. (2000 Oct)Festa AKidney Int
23913494A community study of the prevalence, risk factors and pattern of chronic kidney disease in Osun State, South West Nigeria. (2013 Apr-Jun)Oluyombo RWest Afr J Med
28711461Prevalence of Comorbidities in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Evaluation of Their Monitoring in Clinical Practice: The Spanish Cohort of the COMORA Study. (2017 Jul 12)Balsa AReumatol Clin
28764641Prediction of new onset of end stage renal disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a population-based retrospective cohort study. (2017 Aug 1)Wan EYFBMC Nephrol
12190892Microalbuminuria, cardiovascular disease and risk factors in a nondiabetic/nonhypertensive population. The Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT, 1995-97), Norway. (2002 Aug)Romundstad SJ Intern Med
27022929Opioid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 2005-2014: a population-based comparative study. (2016 May)Zamora-Legoff JAClin Rheumatol
22564356Ethnic differences in the association between waist-to-height ratio and albumin-creatinine ratio: the observational SUNSET study. (2012 May 7)van Valkengoed IGBMC Nephrol
24483236Rapamycin inhibits acrolein-induced apoptosis by alleviating ROS-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in male germ cells. (2014 Apr)He XCell Prolif
24505486Bone mineral metabolism parameters and urinary albumin excretion in a representative US population sample. (2014)Ellam TPLoS One
26465607Serum Adiponectin and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (2015)Ortega Moreno LPLoS One
28357502Evidence for two distinct phenotypes of chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (2017 Jun)Penno GDiabetologia
23151275Relationships between serum MCP-1 and subclinical kidney disease: African American-Diabetes Heart Study. (2012 Nov 14)Murea MBMC Nephrol
27084911Predictors of Organ Damage Progression and Effect on Health-related Quality of Life in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. (2016 Jun)Legge AJ Rheumatol
21090699Analysis of acrolein-derived 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts in human leukocyte DNA from smokers and nonsmokers. (2011 Jan 14)Zhang SChem Res Toxicol
28238555Prediction of five-year all-cause mortality in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A population-based retrospective cohort study. (2017 Jun)Wan EYFJ Diabetes Complications
19204017Association of kidney function and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein: data from the Heart and Soul Study. (2009 Jul)Parker BDNephrol Dial Transplant
27975066Association of Postbreakfast Triglyceride and Visit-to-Visit Annual Variation of Fasting Plasma Glucose with Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (2016)Kitaoka KJ Diabetes Res
17302878Increased carotid intima-media thickness in remote and urban Indigenous Australians: impact of diabetes and components of the metabolic syndrome. (2007 Mar)Maple-Brown LClin Endocrinol (Oxf)
29490002Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and carotid intima-media thickness in a Brazilian population descended from African slaves. (2018)Monteiro Junior FCBraz J Med Biol Res
26223296Assessment of anti-Mullerian hormone levels in premenopausal patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (2016 Mar)Gasparin AALupus
28659998Axial Spondyloarthritis and Cigarette Smoking. (2017)Kaut IKOpen Rheumatol J
27546493Self-limiting arthritis among patients fulfilling the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in a very early arthritis cohort. (2016 Dec)Norli ESSemin Arthritis Rheum
23351035Nicotine-motivated behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans requires the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits acr-5 and acr-15. (2013 Mar)Sellings LEur J Neurosci
23016573Inflammation, oxidative stress, glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria in elderly men: a cross-sectional study. (2012 Sep 27)Nerpin EBMC Res Notes
17620531Albuminuria and risk of nonvertebral fractures. (2007 Jul 9)Jorgensen LArch Intern Med
16331755Lipid profiles among US elderly with untreated rheumatoid arthritis--the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (2005 Dec)Choi HKJ Rheumatol
29738036First stages chronic kidney disease have mild effects on cognitive performance. Results of a 15,105 brazilian adult baseline cohort. (2018 Apr 26)Passos VMAJ Bras Nefrol
29796587First stages chronic kidney disease have mild effects on cognitive performance. Results of a 15,105 brazilian adult baseline cohort. (2018 Jan-Mar)Passos VMAJ Bras Nefrol
21097405[Correlation of microalbuminuria and fibrinogen to the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with metabolic syndrome]. (2010 Nov)Luo BJNan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao
19537299Microalbuminuria post-renal transplantation: relation to cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein. (2009 Jun-Jul)Prasad GVClin Transplant
21971202Features associated with cardiac abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. (2011 Dec)Bourre-Tessier JLupus
18922595The association of plasma fibrinogen concentration with diabetic microvascular complications in young adults with early-onset of type 2 diabetes. (2008 Dec)Le DSDiabetes Res Clin Pract
25641064Fetal Smoke Exposure and Kidney Outcomes in School-Aged Children. (2015 Sep)Kooijman MNAm J Kidney Dis
26118196Relationship between Serum Sialic Acid and Hemostatic Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (2015)Zheng NClin Lab
21029470Fibrinogen and associated risk factors in a high-risk population: urban Indigenous Australians, the DRUID Study. (2010 Oct 29)Maple-Brown LJCardiovasc Diabetol
18785447Ethnicity and sex modify the association of serum c-reactive protein with microalbuminuria. (2008 Summer)Palmas WEthn Dis
11856771The p53Pro72Arg polymorphism is associated with albuminuria among aboriginal Australians. (2002 Mar)McDonald SPJ Am Soc Nephrol
28655124Evaluation in terms of dietary habits of rheumatic process: A clinical study. (2018 Feb 6)Taspinar OJ Back Musculoskelet Rehabil
23754702Relatives without rheumatoid arthritis show reactivity to anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies that are associated with arthritis-related traits: studies of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. (2013 Aug)Young KAArthritis Rheum
18657657Chronic kidney disease, prevalence of premature cardiovascular disease, and relationship to short-term mortality. (2008 Aug)McCullough PAAm Heart J
19933722Premature coronary artery calcification is associated with disease duration and bone mineral density in young female systemic lupus erythematosus patients. (2010 Jan)Ribeiro GGLupus
29578474Relationship of hematologic markers with IL-17 and IL-1 beta in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2018 Mar 16)Sag SJ Back Musculoskelet Rehabil
19587367Cystatin C, albuminuria, and mortality among older adults with diabetes. (2009 Oct)de Boer IHDiabetes Care
25239726A prospective clinical trial of specialist renal nursing in the primary care setting to prevent progression of chronic kidney: a quality improvement report. (2014 Sep 20)Walker RCBMC Fam Pract
19307230Alcohol consumption and 5-year onset of chronic kidney disease: the AusDiab study. (2009 Aug)White SLNephrol Dial Transplant
26961744Autoantibodies to human citrullinated fibrinogen and their subfamilies to the alpha36-50Cit and beta60-74Cit fibrin peptides similarly predict radiographic damages: a prospective study in the French ESPOIR cohort of very early arthritides. (2016 Mar 8)Cornillet MRheumatology (Oxford)
27749243The relationship between vascular biomarkers and disease characteristics in systemic sclerosis: elevated MCP-1 is predominantly associated with fibrotic manifestations. (2016 Sep-Oct)Yalcinkaya YClin Exp Rheumatol
21126933The quality of diabetes care: a comparison between patients enrolled and not enrolled on a regional diabetes register. (2011 Jul)Coppell KJPrim Care Diabetes
27536666Prevalence and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy in Western Countries. (2015 May)Satirapoj BKidney Dis (Basel)
29491268Parathyroid Hormone Levels Are Independently Associated with eGFR and Albuminuria: The Dong-gu Study. (2018)Choi SWJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)
23227358Neuropsychiatric features of a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (2012)Moraes-Fontes MFISRN Rheumatol
25822095Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease Is Enhanced by Serum Biomarkers. (2015 Jun 15)Doyle TJAm J Respir Crit Care Med
27759575Changes in Urinary Biomarkers Over 10 Years Is Associated With Viral Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of Women Living With HIV. (2017 Apr 15)Baxi SMJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
21714678A new tool to detect kidney disease in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: comparison of EZSCAN with standard screening methods. (2011 Sep)Ozaki RDiabetes Technol Ther
29117550MicroRNA Regulation of nAChR Expression and Nicotine-Dependent Behavior in C. elegans. (2017 Nov 7)Rauthan MCell Rep
26774791Incidence and predictors for cardiovascular disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a population-based retrospective cohort study. (2016 Apr)Wan EYJ Diabetes Complications
27504739Methylglyoxal is associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2016 Dec)Jensen TMDiabet Med
25695028Elevated Blood Pressure and Serum gamma -Glutamyltransferase as Significant Characteristics of Smokers With Chronic Kidney Disease. (2014 Jul)Noborisaka YNephrourol Mon