Gene: GHRL

51738
MTLRP
ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide
protein-coding
3p25.3
Ensembl:ENSG00000157017 MIM:605353 Vega:OTTHUMG00000155360 UniprotKB:Q9UBU3
NG_011560.1
PubMed
0   ANCO-SNPs
ND|AD
6   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
8.298e-1 (AD)  5.210e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
KDELR30.613
POU2F20.569
KCNK60.539
CTLA40.537
PALD10.531
IGSF220.53
FHOD10.52
STAC30.519
ZNF587B0.518
TREML10.514

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
WFDC1-0.249
GLIPR1L2-0.247
ABCD2-0.224
ROPN1B-0.208
HES6-0.206
ADARB2-0.206
PAH-0.198
CYS1-0.198
LYPD6-0.197
SLC25A48-0.196

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C1111182',3,3',4',5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl"2',3,3',4',5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA"19114083
C0388902,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran"2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA"21724226
C0095054,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane"4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA"18648102
C5505476-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide"6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein modified form results in increased expression of CAT mRNA]"24486147
C5505476-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide"6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein modified form results in increased expression of SOD2 mRNA]"24486147
D000143AcidsFamotidine inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids]16838121
D000143AcidsGHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids16838121
D000143AcidsHistamine affects the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids]16838121
D000616AminoglutethimideAminoglutethimide promotes the reaction [GHRL protein results in decreased secretion of Progesterone]22341706
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of GHRL mRNA16483693
D001151ArsenicArsenic affects the methylation of GHRL gene25304211
C120841astressin Bastressin B inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in decreased expression of LHB protein]18063681
C120841astressin Bastressin B inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased abundance of Hydrocortisone]18063681
D001285Atropine"Atropine inhibits the reaction [[Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein]"16959836
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneAHR protein inhibits the reaction [Benzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA]15034205
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA15034205
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased expression of GHRL protein12030774
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased methylation of GHRL promoter27312807
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA25181051
D002211CapsaicinGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Capsaicin results in increased expression of FOS protein]18202139
D002211CapsaicinCapsaicin inhibits the reaction [GHRL results in increased expression of FOS protein]12360474
D002211CapsaicinCapsaicin results in decreased activity of GHRL protein12360474|1517791
D002737ChloropreneChloroprene results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA23125180
C074702chromium hexavalent ionchromium hexavalent ion affects the expression of GHRL mRNA28472532
C018021cobaltous chloridecobaltous chloride promotes the reaction [GHRL protein modified form results in increased expression of SOD2 mRNA]23000094
C018021cobaltous chloride[GHRL protein modified form co-treated with cobaltous chloride] results in increased expression of CAT mRNA23000094
C018021cobaltous chlorideGHRL protein modified form inhibits the reaction [cobaltous chloride results in decreased activity of CAT protein]23000094
C018021cobaltous chlorideGHRL protein modified form inhibits the reaction [cobaltous chloride results in decreased activity of SOD2 protein]23000094
C018021cobaltous chlorideGHRL protein modified form inhibits the reaction [cobaltous chloride results in increased expression of NOX1 mRNA]23000094
C018021cobaltous chlorideGHRL protein modified form promotes the reaction [cobaltous chloride results in increased expression of SOD2 mRNA]23000094
D003300CopperCopper deficiency results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA26033743
D003543CysteamineCysteamine results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA15778430
D003543CysteamineCysteamine results in decreased expression of GHRL protein15778430
D003543CysteamineCysteamine results in increased expression of and results in increased secretion of GHRL protein15778430
C103490dexloxiglumidedexloxiglumide inhibits the reaction [osteum results in decreased expression of GHRL protein]17138722
D004041Dietary FatsDietary Fats results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA22715380
D019422Dietary SucroseDietary Sucrose results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA26033743
D004298DopamineGHRL protein results in decreased export of Dopamine20553917
D004317DoxorubicinGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BCL2L1 mRNA]18400355
D004317DoxorubicinGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA]18400355
D004317DoxorubicinGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of SOD2 protein]18400355
D004317DoxorubicinGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of TNF protein]18400355
D004317DoxorubicinGHRL protein promotes the reaction [Doxorubicin results in increased localization of and results in increased activity of RELA protein]18400355
D004317DoxorubicinTNF protein affects the reaction [GHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BCL2L1 mRNA]]18400355
D004317DoxorubicinTNF protein affects the reaction [GHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA]]18400355
D015738FamotidineFamotidine inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids]16838121
D005411Flame RetardantsFlame Retardants results in increased expression of and results in increased secretion of GHRL protein29112739
D005419FlavonoidsFlavonoids results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA18035473
D005632FructoseFructose results in increased expression of GHRL protein18627777
C039281furanfuran results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA27387713
C520836GHRP-6, Lys(3)-"GHRP-6, Lys(3)- inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in decreased susceptibility to Uranyl Nitrate]"26529667
C007845gingerolgingerol results in decreased acylation of GHRL protein21846463
D006632HistamineHistamine affects the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Acids]16838121
D012701SerotoninGHRL protein results in decreased export of Serotonin20553917
D006854Hydrocortisoneastressin B inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased abundance of Hydrocortisone]18063681
D006854HydrocortisoneGHRL protein results in increased abundance of Hydrocortisone18063681
D007213IndomethacinIndomethacin inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides affects the expression of GHRL protein]16959954
D007545IsoproterenolIsoproterenol results in increased expression of GHRL protein20572026
C561695(+)-JQ1 compound(+)-JQ1 compound results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA25890327
D008070LipopolysaccharidesIL1B protein affects the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides affects the expression of GHRL protein]16959954
D008070LipopolysaccharidesIL1RN protein inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides affects the expression of GHRL protein]16959954
D008070LipopolysaccharidesIndomethacin inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides affects the expression of GHRL protein]16959954
D008070LipopolysaccharidesLipopolysaccharides affects the expression of GHRL protein16959954
C027979L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide"Atropine inhibits the reaction [[Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein]"16959836
C027979L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide"[Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein"16959836
D008315MalondialdehydeGHRL results in decreased abundance of Malondialdehyde16868036
D015122MercaptopurineMercaptopurine results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA23358152
D018817N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine"N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine affects the expression of GHRL protein"17910739
D0156551-Methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumGHRL protein results in decreased susceptibility to 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium19931250
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon affects the expression of GHRL mRNA"23845593
D009599NitroprussideGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Nitroprusside results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]17543279
D009599NitroprussideGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Nitroprusside results in increased phosphorylation of and results in increased activity of MAP3K5 protein]17543279
D009599NitroprussideQuercetin inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Nitroprusside results in increased expression of MAP3K5 protein]]17543279
D009828Oleanolic AcidOleanolic Acid results in decreased expression of GHRL protein20188082
C108709oleoyl-estroneoleoyl-estrone results in decreased expression of GHRL protein18848587
D000069463Olive OilOlive Oil results in decreased expression of GHRL protein17138722
D000069463Olive Oilorlistat inhibits the reaction [Olive Oil results in decreased expression of GHRL protein]17138722
C055122orlistatorlistat inhibits the reaction [Olive Oil results in decreased expression of GHRL protein]17138722
C055122orlistatorlistat inhibits the reaction [Triglycerides results in decreased secretion of GHRL protein]15998659
C013173osteumdexloxiglumide inhibits the reaction [osteum results in decreased expression of GHRL protein]17138722
C013173osteumosteum results in decreased expression of GHRL protein17138722
D010121OxytocinGHRL protein results in increased secretion of Oxytocin19528263
D010121OxytocinSTAT1 protein inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Oxytocin]19528263
D010424Pentobarbital"Atropine inhibits the reaction [[Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein]"16959836
D010424Pentobarbital"[Pentobarbital co-treated with L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide] results in increased expression of GHRL protein"16959836
D015232DinoprostoneGHRL results in increased abundance of Dinoprostone16868036
D010862PilocarpineGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Pilocarpine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]19429016
D010862PilocarpineGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Pilocarpine results in decreased phosphorylation of AKT1 protein]19429016
D010862PilocarpineGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Pilocarpine results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]19429016
D010862PilocarpineGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Pilocarpine results in increased expression of BAX protein]19429016
C006253pirinixic acidpirinixic acid results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA20813756
D010936Plant ExtractsPlant Extracts results in decreased expression of GHRL mRNA23557933
D028321Plant PreparationsPlant Preparations results in decreased expression of and results in increased acylation of GHRL protein21846463
D011078Polychlorinated BiphenylsPolychlorinated Biphenyls affects the expression of GHRL mRNA21334430
D011284PregnenoloneGHRL protein results in decreased metabolism of Pregnenolone22341706
D011374ProgesteroneAminoglutethimide promotes the reaction [GHRL protein results in decreased secretion of Progesterone]22341706
D011374ProgesteroneGHRL protein results in decreased chemical synthesis of and results in decreased secretion of Progesterone22341706
D011374ProgesteroneGHRL protein results in decreased secretion of Progesterone19528263
D011374ProgesteroneGHRL protein results in increased secretion of Progesterone17904772
D011374ProgesteroneSTAT1 protein inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in decreased secretion of Progesterone]19528263
D015237DinoprostGHRL protein results in increased secretion of Dinoprost19528263
D015237DinoprostSTAT1 protein inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in increased secretion of Dinoprost]19528263
D011458Prostaglandins EGHRL protein results in increased secretion of Prostaglandins E18703674
D011460Prostaglandins FGHRL protein results in increased secretion of Prostaglandins F18703674
D011794QuercetinQuercetin inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Nitroprusside results in increased expression of MAP3K5 protein]]17543279
C017947sodium arsenitesodium arsenite results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA17350061
D013311StreptozocinGHRL protein promotes the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of CARTPT mRNA]20219977
D013311StreptozocinGHRL protein promotes the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of FASN mRNA]20219977
D013311StreptozocinGHRL protein promotes the reaction [Streptozocin results in decreased expression of SLC2A4 mRNA]20219977
D013549Sweetening AgentsSweetening Agents results in increased expression of GHRL protein18627777
D013739TestosteroneGHRL protein results in decreased secretion of Testosterone21204602
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinAHR protein inhibits the reaction [Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA]15034205
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxin affects the expression of GHRL mRNA21570461
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA15034205
D014280Triglyceridesorlistat inhibits the reaction [Triglycerides results in decreased secretion of GHRL protein]15998659
D014280TriglyceridesTriglycerides results in decreased secretion of GHRL protein15998659
C005445triphenyl phosphate"[tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate co-treated with triphenyl phosphate co-treated with Tritolyl Phosphates] results in increased expression of and results in increased secretion of GHRL protein"29112739
C016805tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate"[tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate co-treated with triphenyl phosphate co-treated with Tritolyl Phosphates] results in increased expression of and results in increased secretion of GHRL protein"29112739
D014317Tritolyl Phosphates"[tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate co-treated with triphenyl phosphate co-treated with Tritolyl Phosphates] results in increased expression of and results in increased secretion of GHRL protein"29112739
D014502Uranyl NitrateGHRL protein inhibits the reaction [Uranyl Nitrate results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]26529667
D014502Uranyl NitrateGHRL protein results in decreased susceptibility to Uranyl Nitrate26529667
D014502Uranyl Nitrate"GHRP-6, Lys(3)- inhibits the reaction [GHRL protein results in decreased susceptibility to Uranyl Nitrate]"26529667
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions results in increased methylation of GHRL gene25560391
D015032ZincZinc results in increased expression of GHRL mRNA16413754

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0001664G-protein coupled receptor binding-ISS10604470  
GO:0005515protein binding-IPI25416956  
GO:0016608growth hormone-releasing hormone activity-IBA21873635  
GO:0016608growth hormone-releasing hormone activity-ISS10604470  
GO:0016608growth hormone-releasing hormone activity-TAS16511605  
GO:0030296protein tyrosine kinase activator activity-IMP15350694  
GO:0031768ghrelin receptor binding-IBA21873635  
GO:0031768ghrelin receptor binding-ISS-  
GO:0031768ghrelin receptor binding-TAS16511605  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0000187activation of MAPK activity-IMP15350694  
GO:0001696gastric acid secretion-IBA21873635  
GO:0001937negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation-IDA15572208  
GO:0006006glucose metabolic process-NAS17392603  
GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-ISS10604470  
GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-TAS16511605  
GO:0007204positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration-ISS-  
GO:0008154actin polymerization or depolymerization-IDA15232612  
GO:0008343adult feeding behavior-ISS-  
GO:0009725response to hormone-IDA15232612  
GO:0009755hormone-mediated signaling pathway-TAS16511605  
GO:0010469regulation of signaling receptor activity-IEA-  
GO:0016358dendrite development-IDA16491079  
GO:0016525negative regulation of angiogenesis-NAS15572208  
GO:0030252growth hormone secretion-TAS16511605  
GO:0032024positive regulation of insulin secretion-ISS-  
GO:0032095regulation of response to food-IBA21873635  
GO:0032100positive regulation of appetite-ISS-  
GO:0032691negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production-IDA15232612  
GO:0035483gastric emptying-IEA-  
GO:0035774positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus-IEA-  
GO:0040010positive regulation of growth rate-IEA-  
GO:0040013negative regulation of locomotion-IEA-  
GO:0040018positive regulation of multicellular organism growth-IC16511605  
GO:0042127regulation of cell proliferation-IDA15564328  16394173  
GO:0042322negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep-IDA18329818  
GO:0042536negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process-IDA15232612  
GO:0043066negative regulation of apoptotic process-IDA15158140  
GO:0043400cortisol secretion-NAS17201814  
GO:0043627response to estrogen-IDA15292338  
GO:0045409negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process-IDA15232612  
GO:0046010positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep-IDA18329818  
GO:0046676negative regulation of insulin secretion-IEA-  
GO:0046697decidualization-IDA17494105  
GO:0050728negative regulation of inflammatory response-IBA21873635  
GO:0050728negative regulation of inflammatory response-IDA15232612  
GO:0051216cartilage development-NAS15576457  
GO:0051461positive regulation of corticotropin secretion-IDA12566947  
GO:0051464positive regulation of cortisol secretion-IDA12566947  18329818  
GO:0051602response to electrical stimulus-IEA-  
GO:0051965positive regulation of synapse assembly-IDA16491079  
GO:0051969regulation of transmission of nerve impulse-IEA-  
GO:0060079excitatory postsynaptic potential-IEA-  
GO:0060124positive regulation of growth hormone secretion-IBA21873635  
GO:0060124positive regulation of growth hormone secretion-IDA12566947  18329818  
GO:0060399positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway-IC12566947  
GO:0061098positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity-IEA-  
GO:0097009energy homeostasis-IEA-  
GO:0120058positive regulation of small intestinal transit-IEA-  
GO:1903012positive regulation of bone development-IEA-  
GO:1903672positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis-IEA-  
GO:1904000positive regulation of eating behavior-IEA-  
GO:1904179positive regulation of adipose tissue development-IEA-  
GO:1904346positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation-IEA-  
GO:1904349positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction-IEA-  
GO:1904468negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion-IEA-  
GO:1905333regulation of gastric motility-IEA-  
GO:1905564positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation-IEA-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005576extracellular region-IDA17392603  
GO:0005576extracellular region-TAS-  
GO:0005615extracellular space-IBA21873635  
GO:0005615extracellular space-IDA15039149  15531532  
GO:0005788endoplasmic reticulum lumen-TAS-  
GO:0030424axon-IDA17113048  
GO:0034774secretory granule lumen-TAS-  
GO:0098794postsynapse-IEA-  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-162582Signal TransductionTAS
R-HSA-162582Signal TransductionIEA
R-HSA-2980736Peptide hormone metabolismTAS
R-HSA-372790Signaling by GPCRTAS
R-HSA-372790Signaling by GPCRIEA
R-HSA-373076Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)IEA
R-HSA-375276Peptide ligand-binding receptorsIEA
R-HSA-388396GPCR downstream signallingTAS
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteinsTAS
R-HSA-416476G alpha (q) signalling eventsTAS
R-HSA-422085Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of GhrelinTAS
R-HSA-500792GPCR ligand bindingIEA

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
23579732Genetic variation of the ghrelin signalling system in individuals with amphetamine dependence. (2013)Suchankova PPLoS One
24585435Resistin -420C>G promoter variant and colorectal cancer risk. (2014 Sep 30)Mahmoudi TInt J Biol Markers
20586762Genetic variation of the ghrelin signaling system in females with severe alcohol dependence. (2010 Sep 1)Landgren SAlcohol Clin Exp Res
26059200Genetic variation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor gene is associated with alcohol use disorders identification test scores and smoking. (2016 Mar)Suchankova PAddict Biol
28481975The Leu72Met Polymorphism of the Prepro-ghrelin Gene is Associated With Alcohol Consumption and Subjective Responses to Alcohol: Preliminary Findings. (2017 Jul 1)Suchankova PAlcohol Alcohol
21606657Reward-related genes and personality traits in alcohol-dependent individuals: a pilot case control study. (2011)Landgren SNeuropsychobiology