Gene: PENK

5179
PE|PENK-A
proenkephalin
protein-coding
8q12.1
Ensembl:ENSG00000181195 MIM:131330 Vega:OTTHUMG00000164409 UniprotKB:P01210
NC_000008.11
PubMed
0   ANCO-SNPs
CD|OD|ND|AD
13   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
1.663e-1 (AD)  5.822e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
COCH0.827
SLC35F40.792
SYNDIG1L0.782
DDC0.776
DLX60.774
ANKRD34B0.766
IL13RA20.757
ISL10.757
SLC5A70.752
SLC18A30.752

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
ABCC9-0.386
GJC1-0.372
RGL3-0.371
PPP1R13L-0.365
OTOS-0.365
FCGR3B-0.364
FYCO1-0.356
ZIC2-0.351
TBX15-0.347
SWAP70-0.343

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C5342221-(2-((1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl)-3-phenylpropyldisulfanylmethyl)-3-methylsulfanylpropylamine1-(2-((1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl)-3-phenylpropyldisulfanylmethyl)-3-methylsulfanylpropylamine results in decreased degradation of PENK protein modified form18938155
C5342221-(2-((1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl)-3-phenylpropyldisulfanylmethyl)-3-methylsulfanylpropylamineN-methylnaloxone inhibits the reaction [1-(2-((1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl)-3-phenylpropyldisulfanylmethyl)-3-methylsulfanylpropylamine results in decreased degradation of PENK protein modified form]18938155
C4090631-aminocyclopentane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid"1-aminocyclopentane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"17224239
C0957561-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid"1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"12727308
C0297902,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25510870
C0823132-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine"2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine promotes the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"12373537
C0823132-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine"2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"12373537
C1111182',3,3',4',5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl"2',3,3',4',5-pentachloro-4-hydroxybiphenyl results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"19114083
C5451212-((4-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)quinoline2-((4-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)quinoline results in increased expression of PENK mRNA27247380
C0817662,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25510870
C0140242,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25510870
C0098282,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25510870
C0094072,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25510870
C4118272,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline"2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline results in increased expression of PENK protein"15525282
C0505923-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12850537
C0546493-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol"3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol affects the expression of PENK mRNA"12641731
C0546493-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol"3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"9645967
C1107333,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine"3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine promotes the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"15215559
C0153923-nitropropionic acid3-nitropropionic acid results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17672854
C0153923-nitropropionic acidCannabidiol inhibits the reaction [3-nitropropionic acid results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]17672854
C4591794-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide"[NOG protein co-treated with Valproic Acid co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"27188386
C0275764-hydroxy-2-nonenal4-hydroxy-2-nonenal results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA19191707
C0986575-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine"5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"12834887
C516138(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine"[NOG protein co-treated with Valproic Acid co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"27188386
C1214656-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12373537
D000109AcetylcholineAcetylcholine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506
C430898AGN 194204AGN 194204 results in increased expression of PENK mRNA16339527
D053959Alpha-AmanitinAlpha-Amanitin inhibits the reaction [Tetrabenazine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1970506
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of PENK mRNA16483693
D003913DextroamphetamineDextroamphetamine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA12523490|1690419
D003913DextroamphetamineDextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA11532335|1189708
D003913DextroamphetamineDextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK protein16904191
D003913DextroamphetamineLY 306740 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]11897087
D003913DextroamphetamineSL 327 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]16459022
D003913DextroamphetamineU 0126 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]16459022
D003913DextroamphetamineU 69593 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]11532335
D000661AmphetamineAmphetamine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA15814102
D000661Amphetamine3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12850537
D000661AmphetamineAmphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12850537|1452199
D000661AmphetamineBaclofen inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]15033416|1559234
D000661AmphetamineDizocilpine Maleate inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12850537
D000661AmphetamineFG 9041 inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12850537
D000661Amphetaminetyrosyl-tetrahydroisoquinolinecarbonyl-psi(methylamino)phenylalanyl-phenylalanine inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14521997
D001058ApomorphineApomorphine inhibits the reaction [Reserpine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]17719177
C015001arsenitearsenite results in increased methylation of PENK promoter23974009
C015001arsenitearsenite results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA18929588
D001280AtrazineAtrazine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA25929836
C547126AZM551248AZM551248 results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA22323515
D001418BaclofenBaclofen inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]15033416|1559234
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene affects the expression of PENK mRNA22610609
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA21839799
C481484besonprodil"[Levodopa co-treated with besonprodil] inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"16127720
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA20876846
D004958Estradiol[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA19693291
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA14664709|1969329
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19484750
D004958EstradiolEstradiol affects the reaction [Dronabinol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12503826
D004958EstradiolEstradiol inhibits the reaction [Gonadal Steroid Hormones deficiency results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]12503826
D004958EstradiolEstradiol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA11474214|8717366
D004958EstradiolPentobarbital inhibits the reaction [Estradiol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8717366
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in increased expression of PENK mRNA20739668
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA25181051
D0151248-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506|2435729
D0151248-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateNifedipine inhibits the reaction [8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D0151248-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateVerapamil inhibits the reaction [8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D0200011-Butanol[1-Butanol inhibits the reaction [PLD2 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of Phosphatidic Acids]] affects the reaction [PENK protein binds to and results in increased activity of OPRM1 protein]14720217
D002104CadmiumCadmium results in increased expression of PENK mRNA21694771
D000001CalcimycinCalcimycin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA2435729
D002185CannabidiolCannabidiol inhibits the reaction [3-nitropropionic acid results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]17672854
D002220CarbamazepineCarbamazepine affects the expression of PENK mRNA25979313
D004390ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos results in increased expression of PENK mRNA20682304
D002772Cholera ToxinCholera Toxin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA6330725
D003024ClozapineClozapine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA1635659
D003024ClozapineClozapine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12887421
D003042CocaineCocaine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA15814102
D003042CocaineCocaine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA8028798
D003042CocaineCocaine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA12523490
D003042CocaineCocaine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12670717|1504227
D005576ColforsinColforsin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506|2435729|
D005576ColforsinColforsin results in increased expression of PENK protein3668539
D005576ColforsinColforsin results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form6330725
D005576ColforsinCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Colforsin results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form]6330725
D005576ColforsinNifedipine inhibits the reaction [Colforsin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D005576ColforsinVerapamil inhibits the reaction [Colforsin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D003345CorticosteroneCorticosterone inhibits the reaction [[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]18687386
C529311CTAP octapeptideCTAP octapeptide results in increased expression of PENK mRNA14521997
D003471CuprizoneCuprizone results in increased expression of PENK mRNA26577399
D003513CycloheximideCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Colforsin results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form]6330725
D003513CycloheximideCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Histamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066
D003513CycloheximideCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066
D003513CycloheximideCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Reserpine results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form]6330725
D003513CycloheximideCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Tetrabenazine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1970506
D003634DDTDDT results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA19797855
D013759DronabinolDronabinol affects the expression of PENK mRNA10727732|1955391
D013759DronabinolDronabinol inhibits the reaction [Gonadal Steroid Hormones deficiency results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]12503826
D013759DronabinolDronabinol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA9734704
D013759DronabinolDronabinol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12503826|1682339
D013759DronabinolEstradiol affects the reaction [Dronabinol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12503826
D013759DronabinolDronabinol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA10101241
D003907DexamethasoneDexamethasone results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506
D003975DiazepamDiazepam inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8417141
D003993Dibutyl PhthalateDibutyl Phthalate results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17379624|2489317
D004026DieldrinDieldrin results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA20682304
D004041Dietary FatsDietary Fats results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA18042831
D004041Dietary Fats[Dietary Fats affects the expression of and affects the activity of TEAD1 protein] which results in decreased expression of PENK protein alternative form24147051
D004041Dietary Fats[Dietary Fats results in decreased expression of and results in decreased activity of YAP1 protein] which results in decreased expression of PENK protein alternative form24147051
D004041Dietary FatsDietary Fats results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form24147051
D008559MemantineMemantine inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14642644
D0151279,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene"9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"19480007
D016291Dizocilpine MaleateDizocilpine Maleate inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12850537
D004281Docosahexaenoic AcidsDocosahexaenoic Acids inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14603264
D007980LevodopaLevodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12373562
D007980Levodopa"[Levodopa co-treated with besonprodil] inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"16127720
D007980Levodopa"Levodopa inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"16950226
D007980LevodopaLevodopa results in increased expression of PENK mRNA11312565
D007980LevodopaOSU 6162 inhibits the reaction [Levodopa results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]11312565
D007980Levodopa[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA16139809
D007980LevodopaCorticosterone inhibits the reaction [[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]18687386
D007980LevodopaIEM 1460 inhibits the reaction [Levodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]]20456008
D007980Levodopa[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19118628
D007980LevodopaLevodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]15659429|1732943
D007980Levodopa[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA15065221|1868738
D007980LevodopaS 33084 inhibits the reaction [[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]19118628
D007980Levodopa[TH co-treated with GCH1] inhibits the reaction [Levodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]]15659429
D004744Enkephalin, Methionine"Enkephalin, Methionine inhibits the reaction [Progesterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]"17220940
D004744Enkephalin, Methionine"Naltrexone inhibits the reaction [Enkephalin, Methionine inhibits the reaction [Progesterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]]"17220940
D000431EthanolEthanol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17934066
D000431EthanolEthanol results in decreased expression of PENK protein20621659
D000431Ethanolfomepizole inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]17934066
D000431EthanolEthanol affects the expression of PENK protein11325389
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol affects the expression of PENK mRNA17555576
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA16174780
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA17942748
D004997Ethinyl Estradiol[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17942748
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol affects the expression of PENK mRNA16079270
D004997Ethinyl EstradiolEthinyl Estradiol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA16174780
D005048EtorphineEtorphine results in decreased secretion of PENK protein3419535
C056723FG 9041FG 9041 inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12850537
D018120FinasterideFinasteride results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA19458216
D005473FluoxetineFluoxetine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA15936043|9526047
D005480FlurbiprofenFlurbiprofen results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA16949054
C010238fomepizolefomepizole inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]17934066
D004397FonofosFonofos results in increased methylation of PENK promoter22847954
D005557FormaldehydeFormaldehyde results in increased expression of PENK mRNA7978486
D005557FormaldehydeMorphine inhibits the reaction [Formaldehyde results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]7978486
C039281furanfuran results in increased expression of PENK mRNA27387713
D005711GallopamilGallopamil inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066|2435729
D012739Gonadal Steroid HormonesDronabinol inhibits the reaction [Gonadal Steroid Hormones deficiency results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]12503826
D012739Gonadal Steroid HormonesEstradiol inhibits the reaction [Gonadal Steroid Hormones deficiency results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]12503826
D012739Gonadal Steroid HormonesGonadal Steroid Hormones deficiency results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA12503826
D006220Haloperidol"3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine promotes the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"15215559
D006220HaloperidolDocosahexaenoic Acids inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14603264
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA14603264|1521555
D006220HaloperidolTretinoin inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14603264
D006220Haloperidol"1-aminocyclopentane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"17224239
D006220Haloperidol"1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"12727308
D006220Haloperidol"2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine promotes the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"12373537
D006220Haloperidol"5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"12834887
D006220Haloperidol6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12373537
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12373537|1272730
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in increased expression of PENK protein3838946
D006220HaloperidolMemantine inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14642644
D006220HaloperidolScopolamine Hydrobromide inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]7637876
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA10869885
D006220HaloperidolHaloperidol results in increased expression of PENK protein10869885
D006632HistamineCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Histamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066
D006632HistamineHistamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA2229066
D012701SerotoninSerotonin inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1363325
C110702IEM 1460IEM 1460 inhibits the reaction [Levodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]]20456008
C041508indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene"indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"26377693
D007545IsoproterenolIsoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1363325
D007545IsoproterenolMetoprolol inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1363325
D007545IsoproterenolPropranolol inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1363325
D007545IsoproterenolSerotonin inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1363325
D017275IsradipineIsradipine inhibits the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]18947822
C111599istradefyllineistradefylline results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA12614340
D007608Kainic AcidDiazepam inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8417141
D007608Kainic AcidKainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA8417141|9427505
D007608Kainic AcidPentobarbital inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8417141
D007608Kainic AcidThiopental inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]9427505
D007608Kainic AcidValproic Acid inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8417141
C102280LY 306740LY 306740 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]11897087
D017258Medroxyprogesterone AcetateMedroxyprogesterone Acetate results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA20843944
D008550Melatonin[Melatonin co-treated with Thioglycolates] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA alternative form15707874
D008550MelatoninMelatonin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA alternative form15707874
D015122MercaptopurineMercaptopurine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA23358152
D008694MethamphetamineMethamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19149911
C088155methanandamidemethanandamide results in increased expression of PENK mRNA9645967
C004925methylmercuric chloridemethylmercuric chloride results in increased expression of PENK mRNA28001369
D018817N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine"N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"15661373
D0156551-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA24810058
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"16127720|1695022
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"[Levodopa co-treated with besonprodil] inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"16127720
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"Levodopa inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"16950226
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"12123699
D008790MetoprololMetoprolol inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1363325
D009020MorphineMorphine inhibits the reaction [Formaldehyde results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]7978486
D009020MorphinePENK protein alternative form inhibits the reaction [Morphine results in increased expression of CALCA protein]20568289
D009020MorphinePENK protein alternative form inhibits the reaction [Morphine results in increased expression of NOS1 protein]20568289
D009020MorphinePENK protein alternative form inhibits the reaction [Morphine results in increased expression of PRKCG protein]20568289
D009151Mustard GasMustard Gas results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA15674843
C583365N-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide"N-(2-(1,1'-bicyclopropyl)-2-ylphenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"29244179
D009271Naltrexone"Naltrexone inhibits the reaction [Enkephalin, Methionine inhibits the reaction [Progesterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]]"17220940
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon analog results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25620056
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon analog results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"25554681
D037742Nanotubes, Carbon"Nanotubes, Carbon results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"25554681
D009532NickelNickel results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA20682304
D009538Nicotine"3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester promotes the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"2435729
D009538NicotineCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066
D009538NicotineGallopamil inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066|2435729
D009538NicotineNicotine results in increased chemical synthesis of PENK protein3021043
D009538NicotineNicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506|2229066|
D009538NicotineNicotine results in increased secretion of PENK protein3021043
D009538NicotineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D009538NicotineTubocurarine inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066|2435729
D009538NicotinePENK protein affects the susceptibility to Nicotine15689546
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [Colforsin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D009543NifedipineNifedipine inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
C041269N-methylnaloxoneN-methylnaloxone inhibits the reaction [1-(2-((1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethoxycarbonylmethyl)carbamoyl)-3-phenylpropyldisulfanylmethyl)-3-methylsulfanylpropylamine results in decreased degradation of PENK protein modified form]18938155
D016627OxidopamineLevodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]12373562
D016627OxidopamineOxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12373562
D016627Oxidopamine[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA16139809
D016627OxidopamineCorticosterone inhibits the reaction [[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]18687386
D016627OxidopamineIEM 1460 inhibits the reaction [Levodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]]20456008
D016627OxidopamineIsradipine inhibits the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]18947822
D016627Oxidopamine[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19118628
D016627OxidopamineLevodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]15659429|1732943
D016627Oxidopamine[Oxidopamine co-treated with Levodopa] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA15065221|1868738
D016627OxidopamineOxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12127155|1506522
D016627OxidopamineOxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK protein3838946
D016627OxidopamineS 33084 inhibits the reaction [[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]19118628
D016627Oxidopamine[TH co-treated with GCH1] inhibits the reaction [Levodopa promotes the reaction [Oxidopamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]]15659429
C109513OSU 6162OSU 6162 inhibits the reaction [Levodopa results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]11312565
C030110oxaliplatin[oxaliplatin co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA25729387
C030110oxaliplatinoxaliplatin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA25729387
D000073878Palm OilPalm Oil results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA18042831
D010269ParaquatParaquat results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17493592
D010278ParathionParathion results in increased methylation of PENK promoter22847954
C410127PCB 180"[2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl co-treated with PCB 180] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA"25510870
C086401pentabromodiphenyl etherpentabromodiphenyl ether results in increased expression of PENK mRNA26705709
D010424PentobarbitalPentobarbital inhibits the reaction [Estradiol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8717366
D010424PentobarbitalPentobarbital inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8417141
D010712Phosphatidic Acids[1-Butanol inhibits the reaction [PLD2 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of Phosphatidic Acids]] affects the reaction [PENK protein binds to and results in increased activity of OPRM1 protein]14720217
D010936Plant ExtractsPlant Extracts results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA23557933
D011188PotassiumPotassium results in increased expression of PENK mRNA3958720
D011188PotassiumPotassium results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form3958720
D011189Potassium ChloridePotassium Chloride results in increased expression of PENK mRNA2435729
D011280PregnanolonePregnanolone results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19458216
D011374ProgesteroneProgesterone results in increased expression of PENK mRNA20876846|2301239
D011374Progesterone[Estradiol co-treated with Progesterone] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA19693291
D011374ProgesteroneProgesterone affects the expression of PENK mRNA17251523
D011374Progesterone"Enkephalin, Methionine inhibits the reaction [Progesterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]"17220940
D011374Progesterone"Naltrexone inhibits the reaction [Enkephalin, Methionine inhibits the reaction [Progesterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA]]"17220940
D011374ProgesteroneProgesterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17220940
D011374ProgesteroneProgesterone results in increased expression of PENK17510236
D011433PropranololPropranolol inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1363325
D011441PropylthiouracilPropylthiouracil results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA24780913
D0014983-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester"3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester promotes the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]"2435729
C074024RB 101PENK protein results in increased susceptibility to RB 10117906961
D012110ReserpineCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Reserpine results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form]6330725
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA3419535
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in decreased secretion of PENK protein3419535
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506|6330725
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form3668539|3958720|
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased metabolism of PENK protein3021043
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased metabolism of PENK protein alternative form3958720
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in decreased expression of PENK protein1717819
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1717819
D012110ReserpineApomorphine inhibits the reaction [Reserpine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]17719177
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA4078631
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1331675|17719177
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased expression of PENK protein3838946|4078631
C408389S 33084S 33084 inhibits the reaction [[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]19118628
D012601Scopolamine HydrobromideScopolamine Hydrobromide inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]7637876
C009257sidnocarbsidnocarb results in increased expression of PENK mRNA12105094
C424127SL 327SL 327 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]16459022
D012999SomanSoman results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19281266
D013629TamoxifenTamoxifen affects the expression of PENK mRNA17555576
C012568terbufosterbufos results in increased methylation of PENK promoter22847954
D013739TestosteroneTestosterone results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA19693291
D013739TestosteroneTestosterone results in increased expression of PENK mRNA19693291
D013747TetrabenazineAlpha-Amanitin inhibits the reaction [Tetrabenazine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1970506
D013747TetrabenazineCycloheximide inhibits the reaction [Tetrabenazine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]1970506
D013747TetrabenazineTetrabenazine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA1970506
D013747TetrabenazineTetrabenazine results in increased expression of PENK protein alternative form3668539
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA20067830
D013749Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17942748
D013749TetrachlorodibenzodioxinTetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA16922920
D013806TheophyllineTheophylline results in increased expression of PENK protein3668539
D013864Thioglycolates[Melatonin co-treated with Thioglycolates] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA alternative form15707874
D013864ThioglycolatesThioglycolates results in increased expression of PENK mRNA alternative form15707874
D013864ThioglycolatesThioglycolates results in increased expression of PENK mRNA11985352
D013874ThiopentalThiopental inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]9427505
C009495titanium dioxidetitanium dioxide results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA23557971
D019772Topotecan[oxaliplatin co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA25729387
D019772TopotecanTopotecan results in increased expression of PENK mRNA25729387
D014212TretinoinTretinoin inhibits the reaction [Haloperidol results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14603264
C012589trichostatin Atrichostatin A results in increased expression of PENK mRNA24935251
C012589trichostatin Atrichostatin A results in increased expression of PENK mRNA24204683
D014403TubocurarineTubocurarine inhibits the reaction [Nicotine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2229066|2435729
D014403TubocurarineTubocurarine results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA7798381
C092721tyrosyl-tetrahydroisoquinolinecarbonyl-psi(methylamino)phenylalanyl-phenylalaninetyrosyl-tetrahydroisoquinolinecarbonyl-psi(methylamino)phenylalanyl-phenylalanine inhibits the reaction [Amphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]14521997
C113580U 0126U 0126 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]16459022
C045444U 69593U 69593 inhibits the reaction [Dextroamphetamine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]11532335
D014635Valproic Acid"[NOG protein co-treated with Valproic Acid co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in increased expression of PENK mRNA"27188386
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid affects the expression of PENK mRNA25979313
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA23179753|2493525
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid inhibits the reaction [Kainic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]8417141
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA17497229
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid results in increased expression of PENK mRNA23665938
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions results in decreased methylation of PENK gene25560391
D014700VerapamilVerapamil inhibits the reaction [8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D014700VerapamilVerapamil inhibits the reaction [Colforsin results in increased expression of PENK mRNA]2435729
D014701VeratridineVeratridine results in increased expression of PENK mRNA2229066|2435729
C111237vorinostatvorinostat results in increased expression of PENK mRNA27188386
D015032ZincZinc deficiency results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA20857495
D015034Zinc OxideZinc Oxide analog results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA27215404
D019287Zinc SulfateZinc Sulfate results in decreased expression of PENK mRNA27215404
D015054ZymosanZymosan results in increased expression of PENK mRNA11985352

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0001515opioid peptide activity-IEA-  
GO:0005184neuropeptide hormone activity-TAS7057924  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0001649osteoblast differentiation-IEA-  
GO:0001662behavioral fear response-IEA-  
GO:0001666response to hypoxia-IEA-  
GO:0001964startle response-IEA-  
GO:0002118aggressive behavior-IEA-  
GO:0007165signal transduction-TAS7057924  
GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-TAS-  
GO:0007218neuropeptide signaling pathway-IBA21873635  
GO:0007268chemical synaptic transmission-IBA21873635  
GO:0007568aging-IEA-  
GO:0007600sensory perception-IBA21873635  
GO:0009314response to radiation-IEA-  
GO:0010469regulation of signaling receptor activity-IEA-  
GO:0014009glial cell proliferation-IEA-  
GO:0019233sensory perception of pain-IEA-  
GO:0032355response to estradiol-IEA-  
GO:0032496response to lipopolysaccharide-IEA-  
GO:0034599cellular response to oxidative stress-IEA-  
GO:0035094response to nicotine-IEA-  
GO:0035641locomotory exploration behavior-IEA-  
GO:0043278response to morphine-IEA-  
GO:0043687post-translational protein modification-TAS-  
GO:0044267cellular protein metabolic process-TAS-  
GO:0045471response to ethanol-IEA-  
GO:0051592response to calcium ion-IEA-  
GO:0051867general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process-IEA-  
GO:0071305cellular response to vitamin D-IEA-  
GO:0071320cellular response to cAMP-IEA-  
GO:0071560cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus-IEA-  
GO:0071871response to epinephrine-IEA-  
GO:0098586cellular response to virus-IEA-  
GO:2000987positive regulation of behavioral fear response-IEA-  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005576extracellular region-TAS-  
GO:0005788endoplasmic reticulum lumen-TAS-  
GO:0005886plasma membrane-IBA21873635  
GO:0030425dendrite-IBA21873635  
GO:0032280symmetric synapse-IEA-  
GO:0043025neuronal cell body-IBA21873635  
GO:0043204perikaryon-IEA-  
GO:0043679axon terminus-IBA21873635  
GO:0070852cell body fiber-IEA-  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-162582Signal TransductionTAS
R-HSA-372790Signaling by GPCRTAS
R-HSA-373076Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)TAS
R-HSA-375276Peptide ligand-binding receptorsTAS
R-HSA-381426Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)TAS
R-HSA-388396GPCR downstream signallingTAS
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteinsTAS
R-HSA-418594G alpha (i) signalling eventsTAS
R-HSA-500792GPCR ligand bindingTAS
R-HSA-597592Post-translational protein modificationTAS
R-HSA-8957275Post-translational protein phosphorylationTAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
22504589Effects of withdrawal from chronic escalating-dose binge cocaine on conditioned place preference to cocaine and striatal preproenkephalin mRNA in C57BL/6J mice. (2012 Aug)Zhang YNeuropharmacology
11425502Extinction of cocaine self-administration produces a differential time-related regulation of proenkephalin gene expression in rat brain. (2001 Aug)Crespo JANeuropsychopharmacology
10321497The proenkephalin gene (PENK) and opioid dependence. (1999 Apr 6)Comings DENeuroreport
26029055Downregulation of the endogenous opioid peptides in the dorsal striatum of human alcoholics. (2015)Sarkisyan DFront Cell Neurosci
22745721Cannabis-dependence risk relates to synergism between neuroticism and proenkephalin SNPs associated with amygdala gene expression: case-control study. (2012)Jutras-Aswad DPLoS One
29626481Nicotine induces aberrant hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic epithelial ductal cells. (2018 May 23)Jin TBiochem Biophys Res Commun
23799031Profiling of childhood adversity-associated DNA methylation changes in alcoholic patients and healthy controls. (2013)Zhang HPLoS One
17503481The opioid system in alcohol and drug dependence: family-based association study. (2007 Oct 5)Xuei XAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
23488934Blockade of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization by sodium butyrate: descriptive analysis of gene regulations in the striatum. (2013 Jul)Legastelois RAlcohol Clin Exp Res
23287538Alcohol intoxications during adolescence increase motivation for alcohol in adult rats and induce neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens. (2013 Apr)Alaux-Cantin SNeuropharmacology
26164485Effects of an opioid (proenkephalin) polymorphism on neural response to errors in health and cocaine use disorder. (2015 Oct 15)Moeller SJBehav Brain Res
28930612Genetic addiction risk score (GARS) , a predictor of vulnerability to opioid dependence. (2018 Jan 1)Blum KFront Biosci (Elite Ed)
7943650Allele frequencies of the preproenkephalin A (PENK) gene CA repeat in Asians, African-Americans, and Caucasians: lack of evidence for different allele frequencies in alcoholics. (1994 Jun)Chan RJAlcohol Clin Exp Res