Gene info: ID 5228

Gene: PGF

GENE ID: 5228

Description: placental growth factor

Gene type: protein-coding

Location: 14q24.3

dbXrefs: Ensembl:ENSG00000119630 MIM:601121 Vega:OTTHUMG00000171496 UniprotKB:P49763

RefSeq: NG_029168.1

Retrived from: PubMed

SNPs: 0 ANCO-SNPs

Phenotype: ND

# Publications: 17

Sherlock p-value : NA (AD) NA (ND) (Frontal_Cortex)

Pascal p-value : 8.446e-2 (AD) 4.184e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

Probe	Locus(GRCh37)	Gene	Region	p-val	Trait	PubMed ID
cg15890469	chr14:75408846	PGF		5.100e-8	Alcohol consumption der day	27843151

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
CLEC2B	0.779
SLC43A3	0.771
VASP	0.759
TAGLN2	0.755
ANXA2	0.754
CAV1	0.752
EIF4EBP1	0.747
TGFB1I1	0.745
C1QTNF1	0.743
HIC1	0.74

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
KCNB2	-0.58
ST6GALNAC5	-0.558
SV2B	-0.549
NDST3	-0.547
CHRNB2	-0.546
PPEF1	-0.546
GRIN2B	-0.539
AGBL4	-0.538
HIPK4	-0.538
KCNQ5	-0.536

ID	Drug Name	Drug Type	CAS Num	Status	Role
DB08885	Aflibercept	BiotechDrug	862111-32-8	Approved	Target

ID	Drug Name	Action	PubMed
C063002	2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	"2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA"	17547211
C009505	4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane	"4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	18648102
C459179	4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	"[NOG protein co-treated with entinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	27188386
C516138	(6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine	"[NOG protein co-treated with entinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	27188386
C000595015	6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine	"6,7-dimethoxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)quinazolin-4-amine results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	28073004
D000082	Acetaminophen	Acetaminophen results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	22230336
D016604	Aflatoxin B1	Aflatoxin B1 results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	21632981
D000447	Aldehydes	Aldehydes results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	25014914
D000535	Aluminum	[APP protein modified form binds to Aluminum] which results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	21298039
D000643	Ammonium Chloride	Ammonium Chloride affects the expression of PGF mRNA	16483693
C006632	arsenic trioxide	arsenic trioxide results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	17547211
D001564	Benzo(a)pyrene	Benzo(a)pyrene results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	20106945\|2163298
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol affects the expression of PGF mRNA	15598610
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	25181051
D001966	Bromine	Bromine results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	21391292
C018475	butyraldehyde	butyraldehyde results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	26079696
D019256	Cadmium Chloride	Cadmium Chloride affects the expression of PGF mRNA	20580663
D019256	Cadmium Chloride	Cadmium Chloride results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	26472689
D019256	Cadmium Chloride	Cadmium Chloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	24982889
D002110	Caffeine	Caffeine results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	26179615
D002251	Carbon Tetrachloride	Carbon Tetrachloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	23845850
D002251	Carbon Tetrachloride	Curcumin inhibits the reaction [Carbon Tetrachloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA]	23845850
C100187	chloropicrin	chloropicrin results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	26352163
D002794	Choline	[Methionine deficiency co-treated with Choline deficiency co-treated with Folic Acid deficiency] results in increased methylation of PGF gene	20938992
D002857	Chromium	Chromium results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	17547211
C018021	cobaltous chloride	cobaltous chloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17553155
D003042	Cocaine	Cocaine affects the expression of PGF mRNA	20187946
D003300	Copper	[Organoselenium Compounds binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	25167922
D003375	Coumestrol	Coumestrol results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	19167446
D003471	Cuprizone	Cuprizone results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	26577399
D003474	Curcumin	Curcumin inhibits the reaction [Carbon Tetrachloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA]	23845850
D016572	Cyclosporine	Cyclosporine results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	25562108
D003907	Dexamethasone	Dexamethasone results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	25047013
D016264	Dextran Sulfate	Dextran Sulfate results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	16375993
D016264	Dextran Sulfate	Oligosaccharides inhibits the reaction [Dextran Sulfate results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA]	16375993
D003976	Diazinon	Diazinon affects the expression of PGF mRNA	22546817
D003993	Dibutyl Phthalate	Dibutyl Phthalate results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17361019\|2126653
D003993	Dibutyl Phthalate	Dibutyl Phthalate results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	21266533
D002945	Cisplatin	[Cisplatin co-treated with jinfukang] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	27392435
D002945	Cisplatin	Cisplatin results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	27392435
D004026	Dieldrin	Dieldrin affects the expression of PGF mRNA	22546817
D015127	9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene	"9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	21294050
D015127	9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene	"Quercetin inhibits the reaction [9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene results in increased expression of PGF mRNA]"	21294050
D004128	Dimethylnitrosamine	Dimethylnitrosamine results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	17547211
C118739	entinostat	entinostat results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	26272509
C118739	entinostat	"[NOG protein co-treated with entinostat co-treated with (6-(4-(2-piperidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl))-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine co-treated with 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	27188386
D004997	Ethinyl Estradiol	Ethinyl Estradiol affects the expression of PGF mRNA	17555576
D004997	Ethinyl Estradiol	Ethinyl Estradiol results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17942748
D004997	Ethinyl Estradiol	[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17942748
D005020	Ethyl Methanesulfonate	Ethyl Methanesulfonate results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	23649840
D005492	Folic Acid	[Methionine deficiency co-treated with Choline deficiency co-treated with Folic Acid deficiency] results in increased methylation of PGF gene	20938992
D005557	Formaldehyde	Formaldehyde results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	23649840
C039281	furan	furan results in decreased methylation of PGF gene	27387713
C039281	furan	furan results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	27387713
D005665	Furosemide	Furosemide results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	16526316
D019833	Genistein	Genistein results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	22553218
D017313	Fenretinide	Fenretinide results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	28973697
C544151	jinfukang	[Cisplatin co-treated with jinfukang] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	27392435
C008261	lead acetate	[lead acetate co-treated with zinc protoporphyrin] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	22839698
C106335	macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2	[macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2 co-treated with nickel sulfate] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	18832182
D008345	Manganese	Manganese results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17175027
C025340	manganese chloride	manganese chloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17175027
D008715	Methionine	[Methionine deficiency co-treated with Choline deficiency co-treated with Folic Acid deficiency] results in increased methylation of PGF gene	20938992
D008767	Methylmercury Compounds	Methylmercury Compounds results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	24213003
D008767	Methylmercury Compounds	Methylmercury Compounds results in increased expression of PGF protein	24213003
D008741	Methyl Methanesulfonate	Methyl Methanesulfonate results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	23649840
D037742	Nanotubes, Carbon	"Nanotubes, Carbon affects the expression of PGF mRNA"	23845593
D037742	Nanotubes, Carbon	"Nanotubes, Carbon analog results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	25554681
D037742	Nanotubes, Carbon	"Nanotubes, Carbon results in increased expression of PGF mRNA"	25554681
C031721	naphthalene	naphthalene results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	18978301
D009532	Nickel	Nickel results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	24768652\|2558310
C022838	nickel chloride	nickel chloride affects the expression of PGF mRNA	22546817
C029938	nickel sulfate	[macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2 co-treated with nickel sulfate] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	18832182
C029938	nickel sulfate	nickel sulfate results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	18651567\|1883218
D009844	Oligosaccharides	Oligosaccharides inhibits the reaction [Dextran Sulfate results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA]	16375993
D016566	Organoselenium Compounds	[Organoselenium Compounds binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	25167922
C030110	oxaliplatin	oxaliplatin results in increased expression of PGF protein	18790786
D010100	Oxygen	HIF1A protein promotes the reaction [Oxygen deficiency results in increased expression of PGF mRNA]	20880076
D010100	Oxygen	Oxygen deficiency results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	20880076
D010269	Paraquat	Paraquat results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17997886
D010269	Paraquat	Paraquat results in increased expression of PGF protein	17997886
C568608	PCI 5002	[PCI 5002 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	18593933
C046012	pentanal	pentanal results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	26079696
C027579	periodate-oxidized adenosine	periodate-oxidized adenosine affects the expression of PGF mRNA	17097637
C006253	pirinixic acid	[pirinixic acid binds to and results in increased activity of PPARA protein] which results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	19710929
D010936	Plant Extracts	Plant Extracts results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	23557933
D010938	Plant Oils	Plant Oils results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	23370395
C027373	potassium chromate(VI)	potassium chromate(VI) results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	22714537
D011192	Potassium Dichromate	Potassium Dichromate results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	17547211
C005556	propionaldehyde	propionaldehyde results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	26079696
D011441	Propylthiouracil	Propylthiouracil results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	24780913
D011794	Quercetin	"Quercetin inhibits the reaction [9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene results in increased expression of PGF mRNA]"	21294050
D017382	Reactive Oxygen Species	[resveratrol results in decreased abundance of Reactive Oxygen Species] which results in decreased susceptibility to PGF protein	19571580
C059514	resveratrol	resveratrol results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	23224687
C059514	resveratrol	resveratrol results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	25888808
C059514	resveratrol	[resveratrol results in decreased abundance of Reactive Oxygen Species] which results in decreased susceptibility to PGF protein	19571580
D012906	Smoke	Smoke results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	21095227
C017947	sodium arsenite	sodium arsenite results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	12016162
D012969	Sodium Fluoride	Sodium Fluoride results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	27257137
C473478	sunitinib	sunitinib results in increased expression of PGF protein	18669461
D013481	Superoxides	PGF protein results in increased abundance of Superoxides	19571580
D013629	Tamoxifen	Tamoxifen affects the expression of PGF mRNA	17555576
C087114	tebuconazole	tebuconazole results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	26852204
D013749	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	20106945\|2163298
D013749	Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	[Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin co-treated with Ethinyl Estradiol] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	17942748
D013849	Thimerosal	Thimerosal results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	16870260
C009495	titanium dioxide	titanium dioxide results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	27760801
D014028	Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Tobacco Smoke Pollution results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	28065790
D014028	Tobacco Smoke Pollution	NFE2L2 protein inhibits the reaction [Tobacco Smoke Pollution affects the expression of PGF mRNA]	20133372
D014028	Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Tobacco Smoke Pollution affects the expression of PGF mRNA	20133372
D014212	Tretinoin	Tretinoin results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	21934132
C013320	tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate affects the expression of PGF mRNA	29024780
D014415	Tunicamycin	Tunicamycin results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	24370435
D014520	Urethane	Urethane results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	28818685
D014635	Valproic Acid	Valproic Acid results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	23179753
D014635	Valproic Acid	Valproic Acid results in increased methylation of PGF gene	29154799
D014800	Vitallium	Vitallium analog results in decreased expression of PGF mRNA	23825117
D015032	Zinc	[PCI 5002 co-treated with Zinc] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	18593933
D015032	Zinc	Zinc results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	16870260
C016837	zinc chloride	zinc chloride results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	16870260
C017803	zinc protoporphyrin	[lead acetate co-treated with zinc protoporphyrin] results in increased expression of PGF mRNA	22839698

GO/Pathway

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0005515	protein binding	-	IPI	14684734 20660291
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0008083	growth factor activity	-	IMP	21215706
GO:0008201	heparin binding	-	IEA	-
GO:0042056	chemoattractant activity	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	-	IEA	-
GO:0043185	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0046982	protein heterodimerization activity	-	IEA	-

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0001525	angiogenesis	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0001658	branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	-	IEA	-
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0001938	positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0002040	sprouting angiogenesis	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0002040	sprouting angiogenesis	-	IEA	-
GO:0007165	signal transduction	-	TAS	9467961
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	-	TAS	9467961
GO:0007565	female pregnancy	-	IEA	-
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	-	IMP	21215706
GO:0010469	regulation of signaling receptor activity	-	IEA	-
GO:0030154	cell differentiation	-	IEA	-
GO:0031100	animal organ regeneration	-	IEA	-
GO:0032870	cellular response to hormone stimulus	-	IEA	-
GO:0038084	vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0042493	response to drug	-	IEA	-
GO:0045766	positive regulation of angiogenesis	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0048010	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0048010	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	-	TAS	-
GO:0050930	induction of positive chemotaxis	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0051781	positive regulation of cell division	-	IEA	-
GO:0060688	regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure	-	IEA	-
GO:0060754	positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	-	IBA	21873635

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0005576	extracellular region	-	TAS	-
GO:0005615	extracellular space	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0016020	membrane	-	IEA	-

KEGG ID	KEGG Term
hsa04150	mTOR signaling pathway
hsa04510	Focal adhesion
hsa05200	Pathways in cancer
hsa05211	Renal cell carcinoma
hsa05212	Pancreatic cancer
hsa05219	Bladder cancer
hsa05323	Rheumatoid arthritis

Reactome ID	Reactome Term	Evidence
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction	TAS
R-HSA-194138	Signaling by VEGF	TAS
R-HSA-194313	VEGF ligand-receptor interactions	TAS
R-HSA-195399	VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization	TAS
R-HSA-9006934	Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases	TAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID	Title (Year)	Author	Journal
29722565	MMP-12 activates protease activated receptor (PAR)-1, upregulates placenta growth factor and leads to pulmonary emphysema. (2018 May 3)	Hou HH	Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
20417039	Depression and oxidative damage to lipids. (2010 Oct)	Yager S	Psychoneuroendocrinology
16520260	The relationship between aldosterone, oxidative stress, and inflammation in chronic, stable human heart failure. (2006 Mar)	Kotlyar E	J Card Fail
11427039	Increase of isoprostane 8-epi-PGF(2alpha)after restarting smoking. (2001 Jun)	Chehne F	Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids
15701462	Enhanced oxidative stress in coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure as indicated by an increased 8-epi-PGF(2alpha). (2005 Mar 2)	Wolfram R	Eur J Heart Fail
25165809	Effects of maternal smoking on the placental expression of genes related to angiogenesis and apoptosis during the first trimester. (2014)	Kawashima A	PLoS One
22916133	Genetic and environmental factors influencing the Placental Growth Factor (PGF) variation in two populations. (2012)	Sorice R	PLoS One
18779277	Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity is associated with coronary artery disease and markers of oxidative stress: a case-control study. (2008 Sep)	Kim JY	Am J Clin Nutr
17644349	Both cyclooxygenase- and cytokine-mediated inflammation are associated with carotid intima-media thickness. (2007 Jun)	Wohlin M	Cytokine
17689974	Influence of the IL-6 -572C>G polymorphism on inflammatory markers according to cigarette smoking in Korean healthy men. (2007 Aug)	Shin KK	Cytokine
21043704	Incomplete Inhibition of Platelet Secretion by Low-dose Aspirin. (1994)	Braun M	Platelets
15939073	Active smoking and a history of smoking are associated with enhanced prostaglandin F(2alpha), interleukin-6 and F2-isoprostane formation in elderly men. (2005 Jul)	Helmersson J	Atherosclerosis
11378531	Lipid peroxidation is increased in paraoxonase L55 homozygotes compared with M-allele carriers. (2001 May)	Malin R	Free Radic Res
22682033	Influence of cigarette smoking on synthesis of eicosanoids, isoprostanes and lipoxygenase metabolites in apical periodontitis. (2012 Aug)	Eder A	Arch Oral Biol
15158370	Cigarette smoke concentrate increases 8-epi-PGF2alpha and TGFbeta1 secretion in rat mesangial cells. (2004 Jun 18)	Mur C	Life Sci
16087791	Contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 to elevated biosynthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in cigarette smokers. (2005 Aug 16)	McAdam BF	Circulation
24075893	gamma-Tocopherol-rich supplementation additively improves vascular endothelial function during smoking cessation. (2013 Dec)	Mah E	Free Radic Biol Med