Gene info: ID 7200

Gene: TRH

GENE ID: 7200

Synonyms: Pro-TRH|TRF

Description: thyrotropin releasing hormone

Gene type: protein-coding

Location: 3q22.1

dbXrefs: Ensembl:ENSG00000170893 MIM:613879 Vega:OTTHUMG00000159634 UniprotKB:P20396

RefSeq: NG_027816.1

Retrived from: PubMed

SNPs: 0 ANCO-SNPs

Phenotype: CD|OD|ND|AD

# Publications: 42

Sherlock p-value : NA (AD) NA (ND) (Frontal_Cortex)

Pascal p-value : 4.734e-1 (AD) 7.375e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
LHX5	0.846
NTS	0.844
OTP	0.842
C22orf42	0.836
FOXB1	0.832
HCRT	0.828
HMX2	0.827
SIM1	0.823
SOX14	0.818
CFC1	0.808

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol	Pearson Correlation Coefficient
P2RY14	-0.285
PRELP	-0.281
PDGFRB	-0.276
HIGD1B	-0.269
GJC1	-0.262
SLC6A12	-0.258
RGS5	-0.258
BTNL9	-0.242
C2CD2	-0.233
PEAR1	-0.23

There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID	Drug Name	Action	PubMed
C496823	2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromoanisole	"2-(2',4'-dibromophenoxy)-3,5-dibromoanisole results in increased expression of TRH mRNA"	23110413
C472791	3-(4'-hydroxy-3'-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid	3-(4'-hydroxy-3'-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	16788091
C580599	6-OH-BDE-47	6-OH-BDE-47 results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	23110413
D000082	Acetaminophen	Acetaminophen results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	26690555
D000109	Acetylcholine	TRH protein results in increased susceptibility to Acetylcholine	416961
C039668	adinazolam	adinazolam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
D000525	Alprazolam	Alprazolam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
D000639	Amitriptyline	Amitriptyline inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in decreased expression of TSHB protein]	6455462
D000643	Ammonium Chloride	Ammonium Chloride affects the expression of TRH mRNA	16483693
D001205	Ascorbic Acid	Ascorbic Acid results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	15305145
D001374	Azacitidine	Azacitidine results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	19194470
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased secretion of TSHB protein]	16570238
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol promotes the reaction [Progesterone promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of PRL mRNA]]	22785235
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of PRL mRNA]	22785235
D004958	Estradiol	Estradiol results in increased susceptibility to TRH protein	22785235
D004958	Estradiol	Progesterone promotes the reaction [Estradiol promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of PRL mRNA]]	22785235
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in increased secretion of PRL protein]	17959175
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in increased secretion of TSHB protein]	17959175
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	25181051
C006780	bisphenol A	bisphenol A results in increased methylation of TRH gene	28505145
D001786	Blood Glucose	TRH protein inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin inhibits the reaction [Blood Glucose results in increased secretion of INS1 protein]]	16118471
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	TRH protein results in increased susceptibility to Carbon Dioxide	8957205
D002707	Chlordiazepoxide	Chlordiazepoxide inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
D020111	Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine)	Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) results in decreased activity of TRH protein	11460677
C418118	CI 1044	CI 1044 results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	17569694
D003300	Copper	Copper deficiency results in decreased secretion of TRH protein modified form	19815072
D003471	Cuprizone	Cuprizone results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	27523638
C009160	cyclonite	cyclonite results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	25559034
C000541	cyclopamine	cyclopamine results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	22265815
D003907	Dexamethasone	Dexamethasone promotes the reaction [Disulfiram results in decreased expression of TRH protein]	9681491
D003907	Dexamethasone	Dexamethasone results in increased expression of TRH protein	9681491
D003975	Diazepam	Diazepam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
D004051	Diethylhexyl Phthalate	Diethylhexyl Phthalate results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	28871463
D004221	Disulfiram	Dexamethasone promotes the reaction [Disulfiram results in decreased expression of TRH protein]	9681491
D004221	Disulfiram	Disulfiram results in decreased expression of TRH protein	9681491
D004221	Disulfiram	Disulfiram results in increased expression of TRH mRNA alternative form	9681491
D007980	Levodopa	[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	21085660
D007980	Levodopa	[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of TRH protein	21085660
D004923	Erythrosine	Erythrosine promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of TSHB protein]	2160137
D004949	Estazolam	Estazolam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
D000431	Ethanol	TRH protein inhibits the reaction [CCK protein alternative form results in increased susceptibility to Ethanol]	6281507
D000431	Ethanol	TRH protein results in decreased susceptibility to Ethanol	6281507
D005479	Flurazepam	Flurazepam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
D004397	Fonofos	Fonofos results in increased methylation of TRH promoter	22847954
C094211	JTP 4819	JTP 4819 results in decreased degradation of TRH protein	7562510
D007608	Kainic Acid	Kainic Acid results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	10443546
D007608	Kainic Acid	Kainic Acid results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	10443546
D007649	Ketamine	Ketamine results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	20080153
D007854	Lead	Lead affects the expression of TRH mRNA	28903495
D007854	Lead	Lead affects the activity of TRH protein	11460677
D015122	Mercaptopurine	Mercaptopurine results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	23358152
D008731	Methoxychlor	TRH protein affects the reaction [Methoxychlor results in increased secretion of PRL protein]	12761465
C006649	methylatropine	methylatropine inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in decreased susceptibility to Pentobarbital]	6778968
D015655	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	24810058
C051786	metolachlor	metolachlor results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	21081129
D008874	Midazolam	Midazolam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
C028577	monobutyl phthalate	monobutyl phthalate results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	29162477
D009020	Morphine	Morphine results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	21178816
D009583	Nitrofurazone	Nitrofurazone inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in increased secretion of PRL protein]	3126094
D015282	Octreotide	Octreotide inhibits the reaction [TRH protein affects the activity of TSHB protein]	1518433
D016627	Oxidopamine	[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	21085660
D016627	Oxidopamine	[Levodopa co-treated with Oxidopamine] results in increased expression of TRH protein	21085660
D010126	Ozone	Ozone results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	28623178
D010278	Parathion	Parathion results in increased methylation of TRH promoter	22847954
D010424	Pentobarbital	methylatropine inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in decreased susceptibility to Pentobarbital]	6778968
D010424	Pentobarbital	TRH protein inhibits the reaction [CCK protein alternative form results in increased susceptibility to Pentobarbital]	6281507
D010424	Pentobarbital	TRH protein results in decreased susceptibility to Pentobarbital	6281507\|6778968
D010433	Pentylenetetrazole	Pentylenetetrazole affects the expression of TRH mRNA	21503142
D010862	Pilocarpine	Pilocarpine results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	10443546\|1578104
D010936	Plant Extracts	Plant Extracts results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	23557933
D011374	Progesterone	Progesterone results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	21770760
D011374	Progesterone	Estradiol promotes the reaction [Progesterone promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of PRL mRNA]]	22785235
D011374	Progesterone	Progesterone promotes the reaction [Estradiol promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of PRL mRNA]]	22785235
D011374	Progesterone	Progesterone promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased expression of PRL mRNA]	22785235
D011374	Progesterone	Progesterone results in increased susceptibility to TRH protein	22785235
D011441	Propylthiouracil	Propylthiouracil results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	24780913
C059514	resveratrol	resveratrol results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	23224687
C513635	S-2-pentyl-4-pentynoic hydroxamic acid	S-2-pentyl-4-pentynoic hydroxamic acid results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	21427059
C017947	sodium arsenite	sodium arsenite affects the methylation of TRH gene	28589171
D018038	Sodium Selenite	Sodium Selenite results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	18175754
D013311	Streptozocin	Streptozocin results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	16118471
D013311	Streptozocin	TRH protein inhibits the reaction [Streptozocin inhibits the reaction [Blood Glucose results in increased secretion of INS1 protein]]	16118471
C012568	terbufos	terbufos results in increased methylation of TRH promoter	22847954
C020806	tetrabromobisphenol A	tetrabromobisphenol A results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	20399831
D014212	Tretinoin	Tretinoin results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	16788091
D014212	Tretinoin	Tretinoin results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	20488242
D014229	Triazolam	Triazolam inhibits the reaction [TRH protein modified form binds to TRHR protein]	2845442
C011559	tributyltin	tributyltin results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	20399831
C005445	triphenyl phosphate	triphenyl phosphate results in increased expression of TRH mRNA	26865342
D014635	Valproic Acid	Valproic Acid results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	23179753
D014635	Valproic Acid	Valproic Acid results in decreased expression of TRH mRNA	21427059
D014700	Verapamil	Verapamil inhibits the reaction [TRH protein results in increased secretion of TSHB protein]	7851873
D014700	Verapamil	Verapamil promotes the reaction [TRH protein results in increased secretion of PRL protein]	7851873

GO/Pathway

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0008437	thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity	-	IBA	21873635

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	-	IEA	-
GO:0001692	histamine metabolic process	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0007165	signal transduction	-	TAS	2126343
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	-	TAS	-
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	-	TAS	2126343
GO:0007628	adult walking behavior	-	IEA	-
GO:0009409	response to cold	-	IEA	-
GO:0009749	response to glucose	-	IEA	-
GO:0009755	hormone-mediated signaling pathway	-	IEA	-
GO:0010469	regulation of signaling receptor activity	-	IEA	-
GO:0014050	negative regulation of glutamate secretion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0014054	positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0032024	positive regulation of insulin secretion	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0042755	eating behavior	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0045471	response to ethanol	-	IEA	-
GO:0051412	response to corticosterone	-	IEA	-
GO:2000252	negative regulation of feeding behavior	-	IEA	-

GO ID	GO Term	Qualifier	Evidence	PubMed
GO:0005576	extracellular region	-	TAS	-
GO:0005634	nucleus	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	-	IBA	21873635
GO:0030141	secretory granule	-	IBA	21873635

KEGG ID	KEGG Term

Reactome ID	Reactome Term	Evidence
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction	TAS
R-HSA-372790	Signaling by GPCR	TAS
R-HSA-373076	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	TAS
R-HSA-375276	Peptide ligand-binding receptors	TAS
R-HSA-388396	GPCR downstream signalling	TAS
R-HSA-416476	G alpha (q) signalling events	TAS
R-HSA-500792	GPCR ligand binding	TAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID	Title (Year)	Author	Journal
1590553	Attenuation of alcohol preference in alcohol-preferring rats by a novel TRH analogue, TA-0910. (1992 Apr)	Rezvani AH	Alcohol Clin Exp Res
1701664	Cerebrospinal fluid thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in alcoholics and normal controls. (1990 Nov 1)	Roy A	Biol Psychiatry
2110006	TSH response to TRH and family history of alcoholism. (1990 Apr 15)	Monteiro MG	Biol Psychiatry
8800390	Dose-response studies with thyrotropin-releasing hormone: evidence for differential pituitary responses in men with major depression, alcoholism, or no psychopathology. (1996 Jun)	Garbutt JC	Alcohol Clin Exp Res
18771713	Differential regulation of prohormone convertase 1/3, prohormone convertase 2 and phosphorylated cyclic-AMP-response element binding protein by short-term and long-term morphine treatment: implications for understanding the "switch" to opiate addiction. (2008 Oct 15)	Espinosa VP	Neuroscience
2865765	The TRH-induced TSH response in psychiatric patients: a possible neuroendocrine marker. (1985)	Loosen PT	Psychoneuroendocrinology
10474275	Establishment of reference values for endocrine tests. II: Hyperprolactinemia. (1999 Aug)	Le Moli R	Neth J Med
25433251	Relationship between the thyroid axis and alcohol craving. (2015 Jan)	Aoun EG	Alcohol Alcohol
8436966	Cocaine regulation of brain preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA. (1993 Mar)	Sevarino KA	J Neurochem
9179513	Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide on PRL secretion in normally cycling and amenorrheic alcoholic women. (1997 Apr 14)	Vescovi PP	Drug Alcohol Depend
3930250	Dexamethasone suppression and multiple hormonal responses (TSH, prolactin and growth hormone) to TRH in some psychiatric disorders. (1985)	Banki CM	Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci
9347094	Effect of pyridostigmine on the thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in abstinent alcoholics. (1997 Oct)	Coiro V	Alcohol Clin Exp Res
2543997	Endocrinological studies in alcoholics during withdrawal and after abstinence. (1989)	Muller N	Psychoneuroendocrinology
29064607	Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis functioning in anxiety disorders. A systematic review. (2018 Jan)	Fischer S	Depress Anxiety
10730318	[In vitro study of the effect of ethanol on pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase activity in mouse synaptosomes under basal and stimulated conditions]. (2000 Jan 16-31)	Mayas MD	Rev Neurol
8554651	The thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test in alcoholism. (1995 Sep)	Pienaar WP	Alcohol Alcohol
8561281	Thyrotropin and prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in young men at high or low risk for alcoholism. (1995 Oct)	Garbutt JC	Alcohol Clin Exp Res
1467129	[The neuroendocrine aspects of chronic alcoholism: the effect of alcohol intake and its withdrawal]. (1992 Apr-Jun)	Fonzi S	Ann Ital Med Int
2105105	Thyrotropin and prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depressed and nondepressed alcoholic men. (1990 Jan 1)	Willenbring ML	Biol Psychiatry
17137217	Association of sixty-one non-synonymous polymorphisms in forty-one hypertension candidate genes with blood pressure variation and hypertension. (2006 Aug)	Kokubo Y	Hypertens Res
1591981	Chronic effects of marihuana smoking on luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels in human males. (1992 Apr)	Vescovi PP	Drug Alcohol Depend
3105334	TRH-induced TSH response in healthy volunteers: relationship to psychiatric history. (1987 Apr)	Loosen PT	Am J Psychiatry
1646352	Dose-response studies with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in abstinent male alcoholics: evidence for selective thyrotroph dysfunction? (1991 May)	Garbutt JC	J Stud Alcohol
8563721	Nicotine acts directly on pituitary GH3 cells to inhibit prolactin promoter activity. (1995 Oct)	Coleman DT	J Neuroendocrinol
3092267	Associations among dexamethasone non-suppression and TRH-induced hormonal responses: increased specificity for melancholia? (1986)	Banki CM	Psychoneuroendocrinology
2165749	Hypothalamic-pituitary and thyroid function in chronic alcoholics with neurological complications. (1990 Jun)	Knudsen GM	Alcohol Clin Exp Res
6205031	Biochemical markers in suicidal patients. Investigations with cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites and neuroendocrine tests. (1984 Jun)	Banki CM	J Affect Disord
10657535	Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced GH release after cocaine withdrawal in cocaine addicts. (1999 Dec)	Vescovi PP	Neuropeptides
3927753	Specificity of the TRH test for major depression in patients with serious cocaine abuse. (1985 Sep)	Dackis CA	Am J Psychiatry
6434573	Prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide in men with chronic alcoholism. (1984 Oct)	Rojdmark S	J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2500677	Abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone in abstinent alcoholic men with cerebral atrophy. (1989 Apr)	Marchesi C	Psychiatry Res
1335721	The clinical significance of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in alcoholic men. (1992 Dec)	Sellman JD	Aust N Z J Psychiatry
8819143	Preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the rat central gray is strongly and persistently induced during morphine withdrawal. (1996 Jun)	Gahn LG	Neuropeptides
3083519	Genetic differences in the endocrine responses to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test in patients with a major depressive episode. (1986 Apr 12)	Aalbers C	S Afr Med J
17974414	[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatry: marker, predictor and therapeutical tool]. (1994 Nov-Dec)	Babinski T	Srp Arh Celok Lek
3094323	Pituitary-thyroid function and thyrotropin, prolactin and growth hormone responses to TRH in patients with chronic alcoholism. (1986)	Agner T	Acta Med Scand
6424482	Specificity of the DST and the TRH test for major depression in alcoholics. (1984 May)	Dackis CA	Am J Psychiatry
369630	Effects of chronic alcoholism on the pituitary-gonadal function of women during menopausal transition and in the post menopausal period. (1978 Nov)	Hugues JN	Biomedicine
3620000	Effect of chronic ethanol administration and abstinence on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and growth hormone concentrations in rats with high and low ethanol intake. (1987)	Mannisto PT	Alcohol Alcohol
1905294	Thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin in prepubertal depression. (1991 May)	Garcia MR	J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
6412261	The thyrotropin-releasing hormone and dexamethasone suppression tests in the familial classification of depression. (1983 May)	Fleming JE	Psychiatry Res
1827638	Serum thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in alcohol-dependent patients with and without depression. (1991 Feb)	O'Hanlon M	J Affect Disord