Gene: VIP

7432
PHM27
vasoactive intestinal peptide
protein-coding
6q25.2
Ensembl:ENSG00000146469 MIM:192320 Vega:OTTHUMG00000015851 UniprotKB:P01282
NC_000006.12
PubMed
0   ANCO-SNPs
CD|ND|AD
44   
NA (AD)  NA (ND)   (Frontal_Cortex)
9.170e-2 (AD)  9.182e-1 (ND)

DNA Methylation

There is no related methylation information for this gene.

Gene Expression in Different Tissues

Temporal and Spatial Expressions (BrainSpan)

Footnote:
SC: sub-cortical regions; SM: sensory-motor regions; FC: frontal cortex; and TP: temporal-parietal cortex
ST1: fetal (13 - 26 postconception weeks), ST2: early infancy to late childhood (4 months to 11 years), and ST3: adolescence to adulthood (13 - 23 years)
The bar shown representes average value of the expressions.

Top Co-expressed Genes in Brain-Frontal Cortex (BA9) (GTEx v7)

Top 10 positively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
TAC30.913
DLX10.911
PTHLH0.903
KIT0.877
CHRNA20.867
DLX20.859
IGF10.831
HAPLN10.825
CALB20.817
BTBD110.804

Top 10 negatively co-expressed genes

Gene Symbol Pearson Correlation Coefficient
KIF19-0.566
AQP1-0.557
CLEC4E-0.534
SFT2D2-0.531
TGFB3-0.524
EFNA1-0.516
GABRE-0.51
AZGP1-0.51
SELL-0.51
OTUD7B-0.503

Drugs/Compounds

    There is no DrugBank record for this gene !

ID Drug Name Action PubMed
C5112952,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether"2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether results in increased expression of VIP mRNA"25614096
C0581765-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid promotes the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of AQP3 mRNA]12542607
C0159298-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP"8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP results in increased expression of VIP mRNA"2156696
D020106AcrylamideAcrylamide results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA22197712
D000242Cyclic AMP[VIP protein binds to VIPR2 protein] which results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP7733904
D000242Cyclic AMPVIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP2859561
D000242Cyclic AMPalpha-hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP]2467674
D000242Cyclic AMPEndrin inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP]2467674
D000242Cyclic AMPLindane inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP]20732086|2467674
D000242Cyclic AMPVIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP20732086|2467674
D000242Cyclic AMPVIP results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP1657658
C040534alpha-hexachlorocyclohexanealpha-hexachlorocyclohexane inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP]2467674
D000643Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride affects the expression of VIP mRNA16483693
D018501Antirheumatic AgentsAntirheumatic Agents results in increased expression of VIP mRNA24449571
D001205Ascorbic AcidAscorbic Acid affects the expression of VIP protein22127604
D001241AspirinAspirin results in increased expression of VIP protein14680090
D001280AtrazineAtrazine results in increased expression of VIP mRNA26891955
D001280AtrazineAtrazine results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA22378314
D001564Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA23735875
C010789beta-pinenebeta-pinene results in increased expression of VIP protein20934418
C006780bisphenol Abisphenol A results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA25181051
D001971BromocriptineBromocriptine inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of PRL protein]6441721
D001971Bromocriptine"[Bromocriptine co-treated with vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-] inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP protein]"15677882
D001971BromocriptineBromocriptine inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP mRNA]15677882
D001971BromocriptineBromocriptine inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP protein]15677882
D002104CadmiumCadmium affects the activity of VIP protein9392874
D002118CalciumVIP protein results in decreased abundance of Calcium21039959
D002211CapsaicinCapsaicin results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA20349343
D002211CapsaicinCapsaicin results in increased expression of VIP mRNA8971780
D002518CeramidesVIP protein inhibits the reaction [Ceramides affects the localization of PRKCA protein]10444459
D002518CeramidesVIP protein inhibits the reaction [Ceramides affects the localization of RAF1 protein]10444459
D002712ChloridesVIP protein results in increased secretion of Chlorides12444471
D003035CobaltCobalt results in decreased expression of VIP protein3711722
D003078ColchicineColchicine results in increased expression of VIP mRNA1850078|8837219
D003078ColchicineColchicine results in increased expression of VIP protein8837219
D003300Copper[NSC 689534 binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of VIP mRNA20971185
D003471CuprizoneCuprizone results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA26577399
D003474CurcuminCurcumin inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased activity of MMP2 protein]19189304
D003474CurcuminCurcumin inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased activity of MMP9 protein]19189304
D003474CurcuminCurcumin inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of CCND1 protein]19189304
D003474CurcuminCurcumin inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of PTGS2 protein]17434257
D003520CyclophosphamideVIP affects the susceptibility to Cyclophosphamide18299998
D003520CyclophosphamideVIP protein affects the reaction [Cyclophosphamide results in increased expression of NGF protein]18299998
D003520CyclophosphamideVIP protein inhibits the reaction [Cyclophosphamide results in increased expression of CXCL1 protein]18483878
D003520CyclophosphamideVIP protein inhibits the reaction [Cyclophosphamide results in increased expression of IL1B protein]18483878
D003520CyclophosphamideCyclophosphamide affects the expression of VIP mRNA18563302
D016572CyclosporineCyclosporine results in decreased methylation of VIP promoter27989131
D003993Dibutyl PhthalateDibutyl Phthalate results in increased expression of VIP mRNA15620428
D002945Cisplatin[Cisplatin co-treated with jinfukang] results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA27392435
D002945CisplatinCisplatin results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA27392435
C036042dicyclohexyl phthalatedicyclohexyl phthalate results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA26924002
D004054Diethylstilbestrol"[Bromocriptine co-treated with vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-] inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP protein]"15677882
D004054DiethylstilbestrolBromocriptine inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP mRNA]15677882
D004054DiethylstilbestrolBromocriptine inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP protein]15677882
D004054DiethylstilbestrolDiethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP mRNA12960047|1567788
D004054DiethylstilbestrolDiethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP protein12960047|1567788
D004054Diethylstilbestrol"vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)- promotes the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP mRNA]"15677882
C024629dimethyl phthalatedimethyl phthalate affects the expression of VIP mRNA26924002
C046318dopexamineVIP protein affects the susceptibility to dopexamine9890401
D004317DoxorubicinDoxorubicin results in decreased expression of VIP protein3711722
D004732EndrinEndrin inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP]2467674
C001209fenamic acidfenamic acid promotes the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of AQP3 mRNA]12542607
D005620Freund's AdjuvantFreund's Adjuvant results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA20349343
D006145GuanethidineGuanethidine results in decreased expression of VIP protein14527964
D006632HistamineVIP protein results in increased secretion of Histamine11164953
D01979615-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid"omega-Conotoxin GVIA inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid]"14662737
D01979615-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid"VIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid"14662737
C544151jinfukang[Cisplatin co-treated with jinfukang] results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA27392435
C544151jinfukangjinfukang results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA27392435
C501365lemon oillemon oil results in increased expression of VIP protein20934418
C008281limonenelimonene results in increased expression of VIP protein20934418
D001556LindaneLindane inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased abundance of Cyclic AMP]20732086|2467674
D001556LindaneLindane results in decreased susceptibility to VIP protein4120787
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"VIP protein inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased activity of NOS2 protein]"12626429
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"VIP protein inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of IL1B protein]"12626429
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"VIP protein inhibits the reaction [1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine results in increased expression of TNF protein]"12626429
D0156321-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"VIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine"12626429
C517284monomethyl phthalatemonomethyl phthalate results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA26924002
D009020MorphineVIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to Morphine9920454
C063509N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamideN-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of AQP3 mRNA]12542607
C044388N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamideN-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in increased expression of AQP3 mRNA]12542607
D009270NaloxoneNaloxone results in decreased susceptibility to VIP protein9920454
C022838nickel chloride[nickel chloride co-treated with VIP protein] results in increased secretion of VEGFA protein16563610
C022838nickel chloridenickel chloride results in increased expression of VIP mRNA16563610
C022838nickel chloridenickel chloride results in increased expression of VIP protein16563610
C558013NSC 689534[NSC 689534 binds to Copper] which results in increased expression of VIP mRNA20971185
D020866omega-Conotoxin GVIA"omega-Conotoxin GVIA inhibits the reaction [VIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid]"14662737
D010126OzoneOzone results in increased expression of VIP protein15127121|1514460
D010269ParaquatVIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to Paraquat16999955
C101814perfluoro-n-undecanoic acidperfluoro-n-undecanoic acid results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA23602845
D010656PhenylephrineVIP protein affects the susceptibility to Phenylephrine11728430
C006253pirinixic acidpirinixic acid results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA17426115
D011192Potassium DichromatePotassium Dichromate results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA23608068
D011374ProgesteroneVIP protein results in increased abundance of Progesterone19926922
D011374ProgesteroneVIP protein results in increased secretion of Progesterone20150881
D011374Progesterone[VIP protein results in increased secretion of Progesterone] which results in decreased expression of NGF mRNA20150881
D011374Progesterone[VIP protein results in increased secretion of Progesterone] which results in decreased expression of NOS2 protein20150881
D011374Progesterone[VIP protein results in increased secretion of Progesterone] which results in decreased expression of NTRK1 mRNA20150881
D011433PropranololPropranolol results in decreased expression of VIP protein2566282
D011441PropylthiouracilPropylthiouracil results in increased expression of VIP mRNA24780913
D019257QuinpiroleADCY5 protein results in increased susceptibility to [Quinpirole co-treated with VIP protein]12223546
D012110ReserpineReserpine results in increased expression of VIP mRNA1850078
D012601Scopolamine HydrobromideVIP protein results in decreased susceptibility to Scopolamine Hydrobromide8208360
D012834SilverSilver results in increased expression of VIP mRNA26551752
D012834SilverSilver results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA27131904
D012999SomanSoman results in increased expression of VIP mRNA19281266
D014212TretinoinTretinoin results in decreased expression of VIP mRNA23724009
D014635Valproic AcidValproic Acid affects the expression of VIP mRNA17963808
C048507vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-"[Bromocriptine co-treated with vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-] inhibits the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP protein]"15677882
C048507vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-"vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)- promotes the reaction [Diethylstilbestrol results in increased expression of VIP mRNA]"15677882
D001335Vehicle EmissionsVehicle Emissions results in decreased methylation of VIP gene25560391

GO/Pathway

GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005179hormone activity-IDA9603988  
GO:0005184neuropeptide hormone activity-IBA21873635  
GO:0005184neuropeptide hormone activity-TAS10096039  
GO:0005515protein binding-IPI21314817  25416956  
GO:0051428peptide hormone receptor binding-IBA21873635  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0001938positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation-IBA21873635  
GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-TAS-  
GO:0007189adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-IBA21873635  
GO:0007189adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-IDA9603988  
GO:0007200phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway-IBA21873635  
GO:0007589body fluid secretion-TAS4035357  
GO:0007611learning or memory-IBA21873635  
GO:0008284positive regulation of cell proliferation-TAS8389448  
GO:0010469regulation of signaling receptor activity-IEA-  
GO:0032812positive regulation of epinephrine secretion-IBA21873635  
GO:0032880regulation of protein localization-IBA21873635  
GO:0032880regulation of protein localization-IDA9603988  
GO:0043066negative regulation of apoptotic process-IBA21873635  
GO:0043267negative regulation of potassium ion transport-IBA21873635  
GO:0045732positive regulation of protein catabolic process-IBA21873635  
GO:0045732positive regulation of protein catabolic process-IDA9603988  
GO:0048242epinephrine secretion-IBA21873635  
GO:0048255mRNA stabilization-ISS-  
GO:0048662negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation-IBA21873635  
GO:0051930regulation of sensory perception of pain-IBA21873635  
GO:0060406positive regulation of penile erection-IBA21873635  
GO:0070459prolactin secretion-ISS-  
GO:0097755positive regulation of blood vessel diameter-IBA21873635  
GO ID GO Term Qualifier Evidence PubMed
GO:0005576extracellular region-TAS-  
GO:0005622intracellular-IEA-  
GO:0043005neuron projection-IBA21873635  
GO:0043204perikaryon-IBA21873635  
KEGG ID KEGG Term
Reactome ID Reactome Term Evidence
R-HSA-162582Signal TransductionTAS
R-HSA-372790Signaling by GPCRTAS
R-HSA-373080Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)TAS
R-HSA-388396GPCR downstream signallingTAS
R-HSA-418555G alpha (s) signalling eventsTAS
R-HSA-420092Glucagon-type ligand receptorsTAS
R-HSA-500792GPCR ligand bindingTAS

Interactions (STRING v10.5, Interaction Score >= 0.400)

Publications (Co-occurrence of gene symbol strings and ANCO-Dependence terms)

PMID Title (Year) Author Journal
9412581Increased VIP-positive nerve fibers in the mucous glands of subjects with chronic bronchitis. (1997 Dec)Lucchini REAm J Respir Crit Care Med
28675017[Analysis of the current status of research on human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancers based on recent Chinese literature]. (2017 Jun 1)Yan LHua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi
15061604Correlation between body mass index and others risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women compared with men. (2003 Dec)Capuano VMonaldi Arch Chest Dis
25909056Association between beta2-Adrenergic Receptor-16Arg/Gly Gene Polymorphism and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Risk:Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2014 Jul)Wang WIran J Public Health
18675937Neuroimmunology of the gut: physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. (2008 Aug)Ben-Horin SCurr Opin Pharmacol
27442424Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Chinese Children: A Prevalence Meta-Analysis and Review of Influencing Factors. (2016)Lin JPLoS One
7511981Innervation of normal human sural and optic nerves by noradrenaline- and peptide-containing nervi vasorum and nervorum: effect of diabetes and alcoholism. (1993 Dec 31)Lincoln JBrain Res
26081405[Association of cytochrome P450 2A6 gene polymorphisms with smoking behaviors:a Meta-analysis]. (2015 Feb)Pan LZhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi
20543004Acute cigarette smoke inhalation blunts lung responsiveness to methacholine and allergen in rabbit: differentiation of central and peripheral effects. (2010 Aug)Porra LAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
18926642Self-sustaining pathological processes in skin psoriasis. (2009 Feb)Ionov IDMed Hypotheses
26564645[Minimal-Intervention on smoking cessation: a Meta-analysis]. (2015 Jun)Wu LZhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
16757924Characteristics and risk factors of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in testicular cancer patients detected by distortion product otoacoustic emission. (2006)Biro KOncology
20673520[Systematic review of the relationship between family history of lung cancer and lung cancer risk]. (2010 Mar)Gu JZhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi
26672247[The expression and significance of VIP and its receptor in the cochlea of different degrees of chronic alcoholism rats]. (2015 Jul)Feng JLin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
20681450[Meta-analysis of the relationship between passive smoking population in China and lung cancer]. (2010 Jun)Zhao HZhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi
23840704Gene transfer of mutant mouse cholinesterase provides high lifetime expression and reduced cocaine responses with no evident toxicity. (2013)Geng LPLoS One
28018479Acupuncture as an intervention to reduce alcohol dependency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2016)Southern CChin Med
26850404[Meta-analysis on causes of ulcerative colitis]. (2015 Dec)Luo RZhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
22800121Factors associated with suicidal behaviors in mainland China: a meta-analysis. (2012 Jul 16)Li YBMC Public Health
20554694Circadian clock gene polymorphisms in alcohol use disorders and alcohol consumption. (2010 Jul-Aug)Kovanen LAlcohol Alcohol
28296937Effects of circadian clock genes and health-related behavior on metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese population: Evidence from association and interaction analysis. (2017)Lin EPLoS One
28112735Nicotine reverses hypofrontality in animal models of addiction and schizophrenia. (2017 Mar)Koukouli FNat Med
28947023Risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults in Chinese mainland: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2017 Oct)Yang YRespir Med
24369235[Incidence and risk factors of prehypertension among adults in mainland China: a meta-analysis]. (2013 Dec)Jin NNan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao
27188373[Influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese: a Meta-analysis]. (2016 May)Zhou TZhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
23488934Blockade of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization by sodium butyrate: descriptive analysis of gene regulations in the striatum. (2013 Jul)Legastelois RAlcohol Clin Exp Res
19793694[Detection of ototoxic effect of cisplatin with otoacoustic emission in testicular cancer patients]. (2009 Sep)Biro KMagy Onkol
19565853[A meta-analysis on the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and small-for-gestational-age infants]. (2009 Jan)Liu TZhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
26571912[Condition and effectiveness evaluation of acupuncture for smoking cessation]. (2015 Aug)Liu ZZhongguo Zhen Jiu
27657690Prognostic Values of Vimentin Expression and Its Clinicopathological Significance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies with 4118 Cases. (2016)Ye ZPLoS One
15096214Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide attenuate the cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptotic death of rat alveolar L2 cells. (2004 May)Onoue SEur J Biochem
12498999Serum nitrates and vasoactive intestinal peptide in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. (2002 Nov)Kassim SKClin Biochem
28342135PACAP Protects Against Ethanol and Nicotine Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells: Implications for Drinking-Smoking Co-morbidity. (2017 Jul)Manavalan SNeurotox Res
24800806Prehypertension-associated elevation in circulating lysophosphatidlycholines, Lp-PLA2 activity, and oxidative stress. (2014)Kim MPLoS One
27072261Promoter methylations of RASSF1A and p16 is associated with clinicopathological features in lung cancers. (2016 Jan-Mar)Han JCJ Cancer Res Ther
7865639Review article: gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion. (1994 Oct)Hogan DLAliment Pharmacol Ther
29310894Risk factors for malnutrition in stroke patients: A meta-analysis. (2017 Dec 28)Chen NClin Nutr
25906691Risk factors for mesh erosion after female pelvic floor reconstructive surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2016 Feb)Deng TBJU Int
24823992Active and passive smoking with breast cancer risk for Chinese females: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2014 Jun)Chen CChin J Cancer
28980522Association between green tea intake and risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. (2017 Dec)Huang YPublic Health Nutr
23713328[Progress on the research of acupuncture for smoking cessation in foreign and domestic]. (2013 Mar)Wang YYZhongguo Zhen Jiu
21518626[Prevalence of passive smoking among inland residents in China: a systematic analysis of 2000 - 2009 studies]. (2011 Feb)He QZhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
24502249Risk equations for the development of worsened glucose status and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Swedish intervention program. (2013 Oct 26)Neumann ABMC Public Health
9209958Degeneration of intrapancreatic nerve fibers after chronic alcohol administration in mice. (1997 Apr)Berger ZInt J Pancreatol