FUNCTION: Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Acts also as a ligand for CMKLR2. Can also bind to C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), but with a lower affinity than it does to ...
FUNCTION: Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Acts also as a ligand for CMKLR2. Can also bind to C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), but with a lower affinity than it does to CMKLR1 or CMKLR2 (PubMed:27716822). Positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and might play a role in angiogenesis, a process essential for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Also acts as a pro-inflammatory adipokine, causing an increase in secretion of pro-inflammatory and prodiabetic adipokines, which further impair adipose tissue metabolic function and have negative systemic effects including impaired insulin sensitivity, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and a decrease in vascular function in other tissues. Can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the modality of enzymatic cleavage by different classes of proteases. Acts as a chemotactic factor for leukocyte populations expressing CMKLR1, particularly immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but also immature myeloid DCs, macrophages and natural killer cells. Exerts an anti-inflammatory role by preventing TNF/TNFA-induced VCAM1 expression and monocytes adhesion in vascular endothelial cells. The effect is mediated via inhibiting activation of NF-kappa-B and CRK/p38 through stimulation of AKT1/NOS3 signaling and nitric oxide production. Its dual role in inflammation and metabolism might provide a link between chronic inflammation and obesity, as well as obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exhibits an antimicrobial function in the skin. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14675762, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17635925, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17767914, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18242188, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20237162, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22634313, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23527010, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27716822}.
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GO - Biological processes (BP):
antifungal humoral response [GO:0019732]; antifungal innate immune response [GO:0061760]; cell differentiation [GO:0030154]; chemotaxis [GO:0006935]; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium [GO:0050829]; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium [GO:0050830]; embryonic digestive tract developm...
antifungal humoral response [GO:0019732]; antifungal innate immune response [GO:0061760]; cell differentiation [GO:0030154]; chemotaxis [GO:0006935]; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium [GO:0050829]; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium [GO:0050830]; embryonic digestive tract development [GO:0048566]; inflammatory response [GO:0006954]; innate immune response [GO:0045087]; insulin receptor signaling pathway [GO:0008286]; positive regulation of chemotaxis [GO:0050921]; positive regulation of fat cell differentiation [GO:0045600]; positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis [GO:0010759]; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation [GO:0001934]; regulation of lipid catabolic process [GO:0050994]; retinoid metabolic process [GO:0001523]
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GO - Molecular function (MF):
signaling receptor binding [GO:0005102]...
signaling receptor binding [GO:0005102]
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GO - Cellular component (CC):
collagen-containing extracellular matrix [GO:0062023]; extracellular matrix [GO:0031012]; extracellular region [GO:0005576]; extracellular space [GO:0005615]; platelet dense granule lumen [GO:0031089]...
collagen-containing extracellular matrix [GO:0062023]; extracellular matrix [GO:0031012]; extracellular region [GO:0005576]; extracellular space [GO:0005615]; platelet dense granule lumen [GO:0031089]
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