| General information | Literature | Expression | Regulation | Mutation | Interaction |
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Basic Information |
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|---|---|
Gene ID | 5494 |
Name | PPM1A |
Synonymous | PP2C-ALPHA|PP2CA|PP2Calpha;protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1A;PPM1A;protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1A |
Definition | protein phosphatase 1A|protein phosphatase 1A (formerly 2C), magnesium-dependent, alpha isoform |
Position | 14q23.1 |
Gene type | protein-coding |
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Title |
Abstract |
| PPM1A is a RelA phosphatase with tumor suppressor-like activity. | Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling contributes to human disease processes, notably inflammatory diseases and cancer. NF-kappaB has a role in tumorigenesis and tumor growth, as well as promotion of metastases. Mechanisms responsible for abnormal NF-kappaB activation are not fully elucidated; however, RelA phosphorylation, particularly at serine residues S536 and S276, is critical for RelA function. Kinases that phosphorylate RelA promote oncogenic behaviors, suggesting that phosphatases targeting RelA could have tumor-inhibiting activities; however, few RelA phosphatases have been identified. Here, we identified tumor inhibitory and RelA phosphatase activities of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) phosphatase family member, PPM1A. We show that PPM1A directly dephosphorylated RelA at residues S536 and S276 and selectively inhibited NF-kappaB transcriptional activity, resulting in decreased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and interleukin-6, cytokines implicated in cancer metastasis. PPM1A depletion enhanced NF-kappaB-dependent cell invasion, whereas PPM1A expression inhibited invasion. Analyses of human expression data revealed that metastatic prostate cancer deposits had lower PPM1A expression compared with primary tumors without distant metastases. A hematogenous metastasis mouse model revealed that PPM1A expression inhibited bony metastases of prostate cancer cells after vascular injection. In summary, our findings suggest that PPM1A is a RelA phosphatase that regulates NF-kappaB activity and that PPM1A has tumor suppressor-like activity. Our analyses also suggest that PPM1A inhibits prostate cancer metastases and as neither gene deletions nor inactivating mutations of PPM1A have been described, increasing PPM1A activity in tumors represents a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit NF-kappaB signaling or bony metastases in human cancer. |