| 1 | J Autism Dev Disord 2001 Feb 31: 19-28 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 11439750 |
| Title | Autistic disorder and schizophrenia: diagnostic overlaps. |
| Abstract | Data on 14 males with autism and 14 with schizophrenia were collected to examine symptom overlap. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), the schedule for positive symptoms (SAPS) and the schedule for negative symptoms (SANS) of schizophrenia, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and the DSM-III-R were administered. On the SCID, none of the men with paranoid schizophrenia met criteria for autism while 7 of those with autism met criteria for schizophrenia, disorganized type, showing negative symptoms. In addition, 5 showed positive symptoms on the SAPS and 6 negative symptoms on the SANS. As the difference in measured nonverbal intelligence was not significant, the effects could not be attributed to it. Although the findings continue to support the differentiation of autism and schizophrenia, they are also consistent with a comorbidity of the two disorders, mainly in those diagnosed with autism. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 2 | Nervenarzt 2002 Mar 73: 231-8 |
| PMID | 11963258 |
| Title | [Psychiatric disorders and fitness to drive an automobile. An overview]. |
| Abstract | The revised version of the guidelines for driving ability and the new driving license decree in Germany are outlined regarding forensic implications, general rules, and guidelines for psychiatric illness. Patients suffering from acute organic psychosis, severe dementia, acute schizophrenia, mania, severe depression, and alcoholism must be seen as unable to drive CARS. Regarding effects of psychotropic medication on driving performance, multiple data with healthy volunteers are available, with very few patients, however. Based on new data showing differences between older and newer antidepressants and antipsychotics, individual drug selection is strongly recommended. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 3 | Nervenarzt 2004 Jan 75: 44-50 |
| PMID | 14722661 |
| Title | [Subjective experience of a computer-assisted cognitive training by patients with schizophrenia]. |
| Abstract | Cognitive training is an important aim of treatment for patients with schizophrenia. However, computer-based cognitive training is still not widely used, and there are reservations concerning the use of computers in psychiatric treatment. In a multicentre study, 64 patients with schizophrenia were investigated before and after completing a 5-week course of computer-based cognitive training using the program Cogpack. In addition to self-rating of computer anxiety (CARS) and subjective well-being (SWN), patients underwent semistructured interviews evaluating attitudes towards the training. The training was rated as highly acceptable by patients and experienced as very effective. Patients' expectations of possible training effects were largely met. The training ranked high in patients' judgement compared with other treatments received. Besides improvement in cognitive function (primary effect), patients enjoyed the training and reported increased self-esteem and progress in using computers (secondary effects). Computer anxiety scores at onset of treatment did not exceed normal values. After completion of the training, these scores were significantly reduced and subjective well-being significantly increased. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 4 | Am J Psychiatry 2006 Mar 163: 455-62 |
| PMID | 16513867 |
| Title | Functional and structural deficits in brain regions subserving face perception in schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | schizophrenia impairs many cognitive functions, including face perception. Veridical face perception is critical for social interaction, including distinguishing friend from foe and familiar from unfamiliar faces. The main aim of this study was to determine whether patients with schizophrenia show less activation in neural networks related to face processing, compared with healthy subjects, and to investigate the relationships between this functional abnormality and anatomical abnormalities in the fusiform gyrus shown with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty male chronic schizophrenia patients and 16 healthy comparison subjects matched with the patients for age, gender, handedness, and parental socioeconomic status underwent high-spatial-resolution MRI. Event-related potentials elicited by images of faces, CARS, and hands were recorded in a separate session. Compared to the healthy subjects, the patients with schizophrenia showed bilateral N170 amplitude reduction in response to images of faces but not to images of other objects. The patients also had smaller bilateral anterior and posterior fusiform gyrus gray matter volumes, compared to the healthy subjects. In addition, right posterior fusiform gyrus volume was significantly correlated with N170 amplitude measured at the right posterior temporal electrode site in response to images of faces in the schizophrenia patients but not in the healthy comparison subjects. The results provide evidence for deficits in the early stages of face perception in schizophrenia. The association of these deficits with smaller fusiform gyrus volume in patients with schizophrenia, relative to healthy subjects, suggests that the fusiform gyrus is the site of a defective anatomical substrate for face processing in schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 5 | Schizophr. Res. 2009 Nov 115: 41-9 |
| PMID | 19744833 |
| Title | Evaluation of the antipsychotic effect of bi-acetylated l-stepholidine (l-SPD-A), a novel dopamine and serotonin receptor dual ligand. |
| Abstract | Bi-acetylated l-stepholidine (l-SPD-A), a novel derivate of l-stepholidine (l-SPD), possesses a pharmacological profile of D(1)/5-HT(1A) agonism and D(2) antagonism. In the present study, we examined the potential antipsychotic effect of l-SPD-A in a phencyclidine (PCP)-induced rat model of schizophrenia. Pretreatment with l-SPD-A blocked acute PCP-induced hyperlocomotion and reversed prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits. Chronic l-SPD-A administration (i.p., 10mg/kg/day for 14 days) improved social interaction and novel object recognition impairments in rats that were pretreated with PCP (i.p., 5mg/kg/day for 14 days). Moreover, in a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test, l-SPD-A, with either i.p. or oral administration, significantly decreased active avoidance without affecting the escape response of rats. Importantly, compared to that of the parent compound l-SPD, l-SPD-A showed stronger suppression of CARS. Lastly, using a [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assay, we demonstrated that l-SPD-A improved impaired dopamine D(1) receptor function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in chronic PCP-treated rats. Taken together, these results indicate that l-SPD-A was not only effective against the hyperactivity, but also improved the sensorimotor gating deficit, social withdrawal and cognitive impairment in an animal model of schizophrenia. The present data suggest that l-SPD-A, a potential neurotransmitter stabilizer, is a promising novel candidate drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 6 | Clin Neurophysiol 2012 Sep 123: 1762-8 |
| PMID | 22456098 |
| Title | Altered face inversion effect and association between face N170 reduction and social dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | There is accumulating evidence that schizophrenics may have deficits in facial recognition, which has been related to disease-specific disturbances in normal social interaction. Neurophysiologically, face inversion results in an amplitude increase of the event-related potential (ERP) component N170. This face inversion effect (FIE) presumably reflects a disruption of face-specific configuration processing. The present study investigated FIE and the associations between social functioning and N170 in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects consisted of 15 schizophrenics and 15 controls. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to upright and inverted neutral faces and CARS were recorded. The relationships between the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) scores and N170 amplitude to upright faces or CARS were also evaluated. Normal controls exhibited a significant FIE of the N170 amplitude, while schizophrenics showed no FIE. In both normal controls and schizophrenics, no inversion effect was observed for car stimuli. For face stimuli, schizophrenics showed significant bilateral N170 reduction; additionally, in schizophrenics, but not in controls, the SFS was significantly correlated with N170 amplitudes to upright faces. These results indicate face-specific configuration processing deficits and significant associations between face-N170 reduction and social dysfunction in schizophrenia. Abnormal face-specific configuration processing may underlie some of the social dysfunctions in schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 7 | Clin Neurophysiol 2012 Sep 123: 1762-8 |
| PMID | 22456098 |
| Title | Altered face inversion effect and association between face N170 reduction and social dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. |
| Abstract | There is accumulating evidence that schizophrenics may have deficits in facial recognition, which has been related to disease-specific disturbances in normal social interaction. Neurophysiologically, face inversion results in an amplitude increase of the event-related potential (ERP) component N170. This face inversion effect (FIE) presumably reflects a disruption of face-specific configuration processing. The present study investigated FIE and the associations between social functioning and N170 in patients with schizophrenia. The subjects consisted of 15 schizophrenics and 15 controls. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to upright and inverted neutral faces and CARS were recorded. The relationships between the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) scores and N170 amplitude to upright faces or CARS were also evaluated. Normal controls exhibited a significant FIE of the N170 amplitude, while schizophrenics showed no FIE. In both normal controls and schizophrenics, no inversion effect was observed for car stimuli. For face stimuli, schizophrenics showed significant bilateral N170 reduction; additionally, in schizophrenics, but not in controls, the SFS was significantly correlated with N170 amplitudes to upright faces. These results indicate face-specific configuration processing deficits and significant associations between face-N170 reduction and social dysfunction in schizophrenia. Abnormal face-specific configuration processing may underlie some of the social dysfunctions in schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 8 | Psychiatry Res 2012 Jan 195: 9-17 |
| PMID | 21803427 |
| Title | Face and body perception in schizophrenia: a configural processing deficit? |
| Abstract | Face and body perception rely on common processing mechanisms and activate similar but not identical brain networks. Patients with schizophrenia show impaired face perception, and the present study addressed for the first time body perception in this group. Seventeen patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were compared to 17 healthy controls on standardized tests assessing basic face perception skills (identity discrimination, memory for faces, recognition of facial affect). A matching-to-sample task including emotional and neutral faces, bodies and CARS either in an upright or in an inverted position was administered to assess potential category-specific performance deficits and impairments of configural processing. Relative to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed poorer performance on the tasks assessing face perception skills. In the matching-to-sample task, they also responded more slowly and less accurately than controls, regardless of the stimulus category. Accuracy analysis showed significant inversion effects for faces and bodies across groups, reflecting configural processing mechanisms; however reaction time analysis indicated evidence of reduced inversion effects regardless of category in schizophrenia patients. The magnitude of the inversion effects was not related to clinical symptoms. Overall, the data point towards reduced configural processing, not only for faces but also for bodies and CARS in individuals with schizophrenia. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 9 | Front Psychol 2013 -1 4: 529 |
| PMID | 23970872 |
| Title | Are patients with schizophrenia impaired in processing non-emotional features of human faces? |
| Abstract | It is known that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit signs of impaired face processing, however, the exact perceptual and cognitive mechanisms underlying these deficits are yet to be elucidated. One possible source of confusion in the current literature is the methodological and conceptual inconsistencies that can arise from the varied treatment of different aspects of face processing relating to emotional and non-emotional aspects of face perception. This review aims to disentangle the literature by focusing on the performance of patients with schizophrenia in a range of tasks that required processing of non-emotional features of face stimuli (e.g., identity or gender). We also consider the performance of patients on non-face stimuli that share common elements such as familiarity (e.g., CARS) and social relevance (e.g., gait). We conclude by exploring whether observed deficits are best considered as "face-specific" and note that further investigation is required to properly assess the potential contribution of more generalized attentional or perceptual impairments. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 10 | Mol Med Rep 2013 Feb 7: 489-94 |
| PMID | 23229788 |
| Title | Assessment of the correlation between TIMP4 SNPs and schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. |
| Abstract | Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are involved in synaptic plasticity, neuronal cell differentiation and neuroprotection in the central nervous system. To investigate whether TIMP4 polymorphisms are associated with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), 480 patients (schizophrenia, n=287; ASDs, n=193) and 296 controls were enrolled. Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and ASDs were assessed using the operation criteria checklist for psychotic illness (OPCRIT) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), respectively. One promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs3755724, -55C/T) and one exonic SNP (rs17035945, 3'-untranslated region) were selected. SNPStats and SNPAnalyzer Pro programs were used to calculate odds ratios. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to analyze the genetic data. Based on the results, these two SNPs were not associated with schizophrenia and ASD. In the analysis of clinical features of schizophrenia, rs3755724 was nominally associated with schizophrenia with poor concentration (P=0.044 in the codominant2 model, P=0.041 in the log-additive model and P=0.043 in allele frequency). These results suggest that TIMP4 is not associated with the development of schizophrenia and ASD in the population studied. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 11 | Behav. Brain Res. 2015 Mar 281: 283-9 |
| PMID | 25546724 |
| Title | Activation of postsynaptic D2 dopamine receptors in the rat dorsolateral striatum prevents the amnestic effect of systemically administered neuroleptics. |
| Abstract | Systemically administered antipsychotics bind to dopamine (DA) D2 receptors expressed in both pre- and postsynaptic neurons of different striatal sites and present an amnestic effect on learning and memory of conditioned avoidance responses (CAR). The aim of this study was to test whether blockade of the pre- or post-synaptic D2 receptors of the dorsolateral striatum of rats is the mechanism by which systemically administered antipsychotics present this amnestic effect. CAR learning and memory was evaluated in rats that received i.p. administrations of pre- or postsynaptic doses of the antipsychotic sulpiride combined with intra-DLS infusion of the D2 agonist quinpirole. Intra-DLS quinpirole itself was not amnestic and this effect was prevented by co-administration of presynaptic dose of sulpiride. However, sulpiride was amnestic when administered systemically in a post- but not presynaptic dose. This amnestic effect of sulpiride was prevented by the co-administration of quinpirole into the DLS. These results show that a blockade of postsynaptic D2 receptors in the DLS is necessary and sufficient to produce the amnestic effect of neuroleptics on CARS. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |
| 12 | Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2016 -1 20: 40-6 |
| PMID | 26442635 |
| Title | Mobility behaviour and driving status of patients with mental disorders - an exploratory study. |
| Abstract | Driving is an important activity of daily life and an integral part of mobility. However, impact of mental illness on road mobility is widely unexplored. Driving status in 1497 psychiatric inpatients (PPs) and a clinical control group of 313 neurological inpatients (NPs) was investigated using a brief questionnaire. 67% of PPs (89% NPs) reported to have a valid driver's licence and 77% of them (92% NPs) reported to regularly use their CARS. Within driver's license holders, patients with organic mental disorder (32%), substance dependence (37%) and psychotic disorder (40%) had the lowest proportion of current drivers. Higher educational qualification (odds ratio [OR] from 2.978 to 17.036) and being married/partnered (OR 3.049) or divorced (OR 4.840) significantly advanced the probability of possession of a driving license. Predictive factors for driving cessation were being female, an older age, drawing a pension and having an organic mental disease or schizophrenic disorder. Mental disease has a negative impact on driving status and this is especially true for illnesses frequently being accompanied by distinct cognitive impairments. Factors predicting road mobility elucidate the strong relationship with psychosocial status indicating that recovery of driving competence should be an integral goal of treatment strategies. |
| SCZ Keywords | schizophrenia, schizophrenic, schizophrenics |